LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of the discussion, the learner should be able to:

NATURE OF • describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds

INQUIRY of quantitative research
AND RESEARCH • illustrate the importance of quantitative research across
MS. JENIEFER C. ESPINO fields
• differentiate kinds of research variables and their uses

RESEARCH
• a natural day-to-day activity of gathering information
LESSON I.
– QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH –
• is a study in which the data concerned can be described without the
use of numerical data CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTH,
– QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
WEAKNESSES and KINDS
• suggests that the data concerned can be analyzed in terms of
numbers

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 1

 DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
STRENGTHS:
Quantitative research
1. It is objective. 4. The numerical data can be
• an objective, systematic empirical investigation of 2. The use of statistical analyzed in a quick and easy way.
observable phenomena through the use of techniques facilitates 5. Quantitative studies are
computational techniques analyses and allows you replicable.
• concerned with numbers and its relationship with events to comprehend a huge 6. Quantitative experiments are
amount of vital useful for testing the results
• suggests that the data concerned can be analyzed in characteristics of data. gained by a series of qualitative
terms of numbers 3. It is real and unbiased. experiments, leading to a final
answer, and narrowing down of
possible directions to follow.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

WEAKNESSES:

1. It requires a large number 4. Many information are difficult

of respondents. to gather using structured
2. It is costly. research instruments.
3. The information 5. If not done seriously and
contextual factors to help correctly, data from
interpret the results or to questionnaires may be
explain variations are incomplete and inaccurate.
usually ignored.

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 2

 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
• allows the researcher to control • research design with least
the situation internal validity
• allows the researcher to identify • instead of comparing the
cause and effect relationships pretest with the posttest within
between variables one group, the posttest of the
• allows the researcher to treated groups is compared
distinguish placebo effects from with that of an untreated group
treatment effects • between-subject design
• provides the highest degree • within-subject design
level of evidence for single
studies

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• the researcher can collect more • controls for both time-related

data, either by scheduling more and group-related threats
observations or finding more • two or more differently treated
existing measures groups; and random assignment
• involves selecting groups, upon to these groups
which a variable is tested, • offers the highest internal
without any random pre- validity of all the designs
selection processes

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 3

 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
• also called DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
• researcher observes the
• used to gather information
phenomena as they occur
from groups of people by
naturally and no external
selecting and studying samples
variables are introduced
chosen from a population
• the variables are not
deliberately manipulated nor is
the setting controlled
• researcher collects data without
making changes or introducing
treatments

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• conducted by researchers to • also called causal-comparative

find out the direction, • derives conclusion from
associations and/or relationship observations and
between different variables or manifestations that already
groups of respondents under occurred in the past and now
study compared to some dependent
variables

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 4

 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• used to determine what has

• involves comparing and happened during a given activity
contrasting two or more or in an institution
samples of study subjects on • the purpose is to see if a given
one or more variables, often at a program is working, an
single point of time institution is successful
according to the goals set for it,
or the original intent was
successfully attained

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:

• the implementation of a variety 1 2 3 4

of methodologies forms a critical Teaching Accounting Science Humanities
Profession Technology
part of achieving the goal of Business Social
Engineering
developing a scale-matched Management
Mathematics Sciences
approach, where data from
different disciplines can be
integrated

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 5

 VARIABLES IN RESEARCH TYPES OF VARIABLES

• characteristics that has two or more mutually

exclusive values or properties • can take infinite number on
• “vary” or “can change”
Continuous the value that can occur
• something that can take more than one value, and Variables within the population
values can be words or numbers
• attribute of an individual or an organization that can
• has limited number of
be measured or observed and that varies among the Discrete distinct values and which
people or organization being studied Variables cannot be divided into
fractions

KINDS OF VARIABLES KINDS OF VARIABLES

• “cause variable”
Independent
• responsible for the A study is on the relationship of study
Variables conditions that bring changes
habits and academic performance of
• depend on the independent
UTNHS senior high school students.
Dependent variables
Variables • “outcome variable”

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 6

 KINDS OF VARIABLES KINDS OF VARIABLES

• “medling variable” • special types of independent variables

Intervening • “stand between” the Control that are measured because they
independent and dependent Variables potentially influence the dependent
Variables variables variable

Example: Even if farm production is good, if the attitude • not actually measured or observed in a
Confounding study
towards payment is negative, loan repayment would be Variables
low, whereas, if the attitude towards repayment is positive • their influence cannot be directly
detected in a study
or favorable, loan repayment would be high.

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH 7