ANATOMY

ONE LINERS (COMPLETE ANATOMY)

DIAPHRAGMATIC OPENINGS
• Level of vena caval opening: T8
• Level of esophageal opening: T10
• Level of aortic opening: T12
• Caval opening is through: Central part
• Aortic opening is through: Osseo-aponeurotic opening (not a true opening)
• Esophageal opening is through: Muscular part of diaphragm
• Right phrenic nerve passes through: Vena caval opening
• Vagus nerve passes through: Esophageal opening
• Esophageal branch of left gastric artery passes through: Esophageal opening
• Azygous vein passes through: Aortic opening

ARTERIES
• Formed by union of 2 vertebral arteries: Basilar A.
• Inferior vesical artery is a branch of: Anterior division of internal iliac artery
• Uterine A. is a branch of: Anterior division of internal iliac A.
• Inferior thyroid A. is a branch of: Thyrocervical trunk
• Ascending pharyngeal A. is a branch of: External carotid A.
• Internal pudendal A. is a branch of: Anterior division of internal iliac A.
• Left gastro-epiploic A. is a branch of: Splenic A.
• Splenic A. is a branch of: Coeliac trunk
• Cystic A. is a branch of: Right hepatic A.
• Cilio-retinal A. is a branch of: Choroidal A.
• Middle meningeal A. is a branch of: Maxillary A.
• Anterior spinal A. is a branch of: Vertebral A.
• Ophthalmic A. is a branch of: Internal carotid A.
• Medially, superior thyroid artery is related to: External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

EMBRYOLOGY
• Prochordal plate & primitive streak is seen on: 14th day
• Oogonia & germ cell are derived from: Yolk sac
• 1st polar body is formed during: Oogenesis
• 1st polar body is extruded: At the time of ovulation
• Y chromosome is: Acrocentric
• Sperms are stored in: Epididymis
• Length of human sperm: 50-60 microns
• Number of chromosomes are reduced down to half in: 1st meiotic division
• In humans, implantation begins on the: 6th day after fertilization
• Initiation and maintenance of primitive streak is because of: Nodal gene
• Primitive streak develops in which week: 3rd week
• Structure developed from cloaca:
• The cloaca develops into the rectum and upper 2/3 of the anal canal,
• While its anterior subdivision, the urogenital sinus, develops into the bladder and
• In the female, the urethra and vestibule,
• While in the male the prostatic urethra.

FETAL STRUCTURES & ADULT REMNANTS

• Meckel's diverticulum: Remnant of vitelline duct
• Ligamentum venosum: Remnant of ductus venosus
• Ligamentum arteriosum: Remnant of ductus arteriosus
• Median umbilical ligament: Remnant of urachus
• Medial umbilical ligaments: Remnant of 2 umbilical arteries

Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar

DERIVATIVES OF GERMS LAYERS
• Mesodermal in origin: Kidney, Muscle (EXCEPT musculature of iris), Bone etc.
• Trigone of bladder: Mesoderm
• Somites: Paraxial mesoderm
• Epithelial lining of biliary tract: Endoderm
• Tympanic membrane: All the 3 germ layers
Derivatives of neural crest:
Neurons of
 Dorsal root,
 Sensory &
 Autonomic/ sympathetic ganglia
Schwann cells,
Melanocytes,
Mesenchyme of dental papillae etc.

EMBRYOLOGY OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM

• Collecting duct develops from: Ureteric bud
• Epithelium of ureter develops from: Mesonephros
• Uterus/ appendix testes develops from: Mullerian duct/ paramesonephric duct
• Ovary develops from: Genital ridge
• Scrotum develops from: Genital swelling
• Clitoris develops from: Genital tubercle

PHARYNEGEAL ARCH DERIVATIVES

• Meckel's cartilage develops from: 1st pharyngeal arch
• Sphenomandibular ligament develops from: 1st pharyngeal arch
• Stapes develops from: 2nd pharyngeal arch
• Stylohyoid ligament develops from: 2nd pharyngeal arch
• Greater cornua of hyoid develops from: 3rd pharyngeal arch
• Posterior belly of digastric develops from: 2nd pharyngeal arch
• Anterior belly of digastric develops from: 1st pharyngeal arch
• Platysma develops from: 2nd pharyngeal arch

DERIVATIVES OF PHARYNGEAL POUCHES

• Palatine tonsil develops from: 2nd pharyngeal pouch
● Inferior parathyroid gland & thymus develops from: 3rd pharyngeal pouch
• Superior parathyroid gland & ultimobranchial body develops from: 4th pharyngeal pouch
• Parafollicular cells are derived from: NCC > Ultimobranchial body

TONGUE
• Muscle of tongue develops from: Occipital myotomes
• Muscles of tongue are: Both smooth & skeletal muscles
• Safety muscle of tongue: Genioglossus
• Pain of Ca base of tongue is referred to the ear through: Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Circumvallate papillae of tongue are supplied by: Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Anterior 2/ 3rd of tongue develops from: Lingual swellings & Tuberculum impar
• Tate sensation from anterior 2/ 3rd of tongue is by: Chorda tympani (facial)
• Posterior 1/3rd of tongue develops from: Hypobranchial eminence

EPITHELIUM
• Mesothelium of pleura, peritoneum & pericardium is lined by: Simple squamous epithelium
• Nasal cavity, nasal air sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx (EXCEPT vocal cords), trachea & bronchi are lined by:
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
• True vocal cords, cornea, tonsil & vagina are lined by: Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Epithelium with extra reserve of cell membrane: Transitional epithelium
• Calyces, ureter, ureterovesical junction & urinary bladder have: Transitional epithelium

Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar

HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES
• Brunner’s gland is present in: Duodenum
• Function of gap junctions: Exchange between cells
• Gustatory system has: Sensory type of neuro-epithelium
• Intercalated disc is present in: Cardiac muscle
• Nucleus in cardiac muscle: Central
• Reticuloendothelial cells of liver are: Kupffer cells
• Space of Disse & space of Mall are seen in: Liver
• Intrinsic factor (Castle) is secreted by: Parietal/ oxyntic cells
• Chief/ peptic/ zymogen cells lines the: Body of the gland (secrete pepsinogen)
• Paneth cells (intestine) are rich in: Rough ER
• Epiglottis is an example of: Elastic cartilage

HAND
• Hypothenar area (medial third of palm) is supplied by: Ulnar nerve
 Palmar & dorsal interossei are supplied by: Ulnar nerve
• Adductor pollicis (adduction of thumb) is supplied by: Ulnar nerve
• Froment sign/ Book test is done for: Ulnar nerve injury
• Thenar eminence is supplied by: Median nerve
• Lunate dislocation may injure: Median nerve
• Ape thumb deformity is seen in: Median nerve injury

HIP & THIGH

• Nerve of medial/ adductor compartment of thigh: Obturator nerve
• Gluteus maximus is supplied by: Inferior gluteal nerve
• Gluteus minimus, G. medius & tensor fascia lata is supplied by: Superior gluteal nerve
• Action of sartorius & piriformis: Lateral rotation
• Superior & inferior gemelli action: Lateral rotation
• Abductors of the hip: Gluteus medius & gluteus minimus
• Function of ileofemoral ligament/ ligament of Bigelow: Prevents hyperextension at the hip
• Root value of pudendal nerve: S2, S3, S4
• Root value of obturator nerve: L2, L3, L4

KNEE
• Extensor of the knee joint: Quadricep femoris
• Posterior dislocation of femur is prevented by: Anterior cruciate ligament
• Posterior dislocation of the tibia is prevented by: Posterior cruciate ligament

ESOPHAGUS
• Esophagus pierces diaphragm at a distance of: 15 inches (from incisor)
• Length of esophagus: 25 cm
• Esophagus commences at: Lower end of cricoid
• Epithelium of esophagus: Stratified squamous non keratinized
• Most common site for oesophageal obstruction: Crico-oesophageal junction

HEART
• Inferior surface of the heart is formed by: Both ventricles
• Base of heart is formed by: Both atrium
• Part of heart lying close to esophagus: Left atrium
• Trabeculae carnea is present in: Right ventricle
• Anterior wall of left ventricle is supplied by: Left anterior descending artery
• Right coronary artery arises from: Anterior aortic cusp
• In right dominance, posterior interventricular artery originates from: Right coronary artery
• SA node, AV node & AV bundle is supplied by: Right coronary artery
• Middle cardiac vein follows: Posterior interventricular artery
• SVC & IVC opens into: Right atrium
• Coronary sinus drains into: Right atrium

Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar

CRANIAL NERVES
• Artery crossing optic nerve: Ophthalmic artery
• Cranial nerve having longest intracranial course: Trochlear
• Cranial nerve 3 & 4 have their nuclei in: Midbrain
• Cranial nerve 9, 10, 11, 12 have their nuclei in: Medulla
• Cranial nerve emerging from the dorsal aspect of brain: Trochlear
Muscles supplied by facial nerve:
 Platysma,
 Muscles of facial expression,
 Buccinator etc.
• Glands supplied by facial nerve:
 Submandibular,
 Lacrimal,
 Nasal glands
• Gustatory sensation to soft palate is carried by: Facial nerve
• Ganglion related to facial nerve:
 Pterygopalatine ganglion,
 Geniculate ganglion etc.
• Arterial supply to facial nerve: Ascending pharyngeal artery
• All palatal muscles (except tensor palati) are supplied by: Cranial part of Accessory nerve
• Right hypoglossal nerve palsy will deviate the tongue to: Right side
• Paralysis of 3, 4 & 6 cranial nerve indicates lesion of: Cavernous sinus (these nerve lies in lateral wall of
cavernous sinus)
• Afferent pathway of corneal reflex: Trigeminal nerve (nasociliary branch of ophthalmic/ V1 division)

FORAMEN OF SKULL
• Contents of optic canal:
 Optic nerve &
 Ophthalmic artery
• Contents of foramen rotundum: Maxillary division of cranial nerve V
• Contents of foramen ovate:
 Mandibular division of cranial nerve V,
 Accessory meningeal artery etc.
• Contents of foramen spinosum:
 Middle meningeal artery,
 Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve etc.
• Contents of foramen magnum:
 Accessory nerve,
 Vertebral & spinal arteries (NOT spinal cord) etc.
• Contents of jugular foramen:
 9, 10 & 11 cranial nerves,
 Sigmoid sinus,
 Inferior petrosal sinus
• Contents of internal auditory meatus:
 7 & 8 cranial nerve,
 Labyrinthine artery
• Content of Dorello’s canal: Cranial nerve 6

LARYNX
• Sensory innervation above the level of vocal cords is by: Internal laryngeal nerve
• Sensory innervation of larynx below the level of vocal cords: Recurrent laryngeal nerve
• Nerve supply of cricothyroid: External laryngeal nerve
• Abductor of vocal cords: Posterior crico-arytenoid
Tensor of vocal cords: Cricothyroid

Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar

BRAIN
• Primary auditory area is in: Superior part of the temporal gyrus
• Primary visual area is in: Occipital lobe
• Loss of tactile localization & 2 point discrimination occurs in damage to: Somatosensory area 1
• Functions of limbic system:
 Emotions,
 Memory &
 Higher functions

LYMPAHTIC DRAINAGE
• Lymphatics drainage of testis: Para-aortic node
• Clitoris & glans Penis: Cloquet node/ Rossenmullers node
• Labium majus: Superficial inguinal node
• Testis: Pre-aortic & para-aortic nodes
• Tip of tongue: Submental nodes
• Spongiform urethra: Deep inguinal nodes
• Lymphatics are not present in: Brain, choroid, internal ear, and cornea

VEINS
• Left gonadal vein drain into: Left renal vein
• Great cerebral vein (of Galen) is formed by the union of: Internal cerebral veins
• Great cerebral vein drains into: Straight sinus
• Portal vein is formed by: Union of splenic vein & superior mesenteric vein (behind neck of pancreas)
• Normal portal pressure is: 5-10 mm Hg

‘EXCEPTS’ IN ANATOMY
• All intrinsic muscle of larynx are supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except: Cricothyroid (external
laryngeal nerve)
• All muscles of tongue are supplied by hypoglossal nerve except: Palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus)
• All muscles of pharynx are supplied by pharyngeal plexus except: Stylopharyngeus (Glossopharyngeal
nerve)
• All muscles of the soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus except: Tensor palati (nerve to medial
Pterygoid)

Quick Review (Including Probable NEET Questions)

1. Superior & inferior radioulnar joints are an example of: Pivot joint
2. Nerve supply of platysma: Facial nerve
3. Salivary gland, NOT supplied by facial nerve: Parotid
4. All palatal muscles are supplied by cranial accessory nerve through pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT: Tensor
veli palatini
5. Azygos vein passes through Aortic hiatus
6. Source of bleeding in extradural haemorrhage: Middle Meningeal artery
7. Haversian canal is a histological feature of: Compact bone/ cortex
8. Uterine artery is a branch of: Anterior division of Iliac artery
9. 1st polar body is extruded at the time of: Ovulation
10. Meckel's diverticulum is a remnant of: Vitellointestinal duct
11. Structure derived from all the three germ layers: Tympanic membrane/ ear drum
12. Stapes develop from Ilnd pharyngeal arch
13. Safety muscle of tongue: Genioglossus
14. Taste sensation from anterior 2/3rd of tongue is carried by: Chorda tympani
15. Epithelial lining of tonsil: Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
16. Peritoneal cavity is lined by: Simple squamous epithelium
17. Intercalated disc is a histological feature of: Cardiac muscle
18. Erb's point is: C5, C6
19. Injury to lower trunk of brachial plexus is known as: Klumpke's palsy
20. Adductor pollicis is supplied by: Ulnar nerve
21. Teres minor & deltoid muscle are supplied by: Axillary nerve
22. Nerve supply of gluteus maximus: Inferior gluteal nerve
Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar
23. Ligament preventing hyperextension at the hip joint: Iliofemoral ligament/ Ligament of Bigelow
24. Inversion & eversion occurs at Subtalar joint
25. Joint between epiphysis & diaphysis is: Primary cartilaginous
26. Vessels in umbilical cord:2 arteries & 1 vein (right vein disappears, left vein is LEFT)
27. Ligamentum arteriosum is derived from: Ductus arteriosus
28. Artery present in anatomical snuff box: Radial artery
29. Sperm are stored in:Epididymis
30. Hassal's corpuscles is seen in:Thymus
31. Peyer's patches are present in: Ileum
32. Nerve supply to hypothenar muscle is from: Ulnar nerve
33. Nerve passing deep to flexor retinaculum at wrist: Median nerve
34. Nerve related to spiral groove of humerus: Radial nerve
35. Azygos veins drain into: Superior Vena Cava
36. Housemaids knee is inflammation of Prepatellar bursa
37. Superficial inguinal ring is a defect in the: External oblique aponeurosis
38. Left testicular vein drains into: Left renal vein
39. Left gastro-epiploic artery is a branch of: Splenic artery
40. MC position of appendix: Retrocaecal
41. Nasolacrimal duct opens into inferior meatus
42. Parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to submandibular gland is through: Facial nerve
43. Opening of parotid duct:opposite upper 2nd molar
44. Abductor of vocal cord: Posterior cricoarytenoid
45. In adults spinal cord ends at the lower border of L1 vertebra (in children, it is at lower border of L3)
46. Muscle supplied by spinal part of accessory nerve: Sternocleidomastid & trapezi us
47. Unlocking of knee is done by: Popliteus
48. Type of cartilage in auricle of ear: Elastic
49. Nerve supply of superior oblique muscle: Trochlear
50. Muscle producing abduction, intorsion & depression of eyeball: Superior Oblique

Anatomy- Dr Ashwani Kumar