11/12

Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Exogenic Process:Erosion
Physics- Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1– Module 5: Exogenic Process: Erosion
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your
studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post test to self check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test.
- -

We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teachers are also provided to the
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home -

based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

Hello! You have learnt from the previous lesson how rocks undergo
weathering, the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of
the Earth. Those products of weathering are then carried away and deposited
elsewhere by some forces in nature.

Figure 1. Weathering
Photo Credit: Wikipedia.en.wikipedia.org

Sample images of exogenic processes (erosion)

In this module, you will learn about the geologic processes that occur on the
surface of the Earth such as erosion.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify types of erosion.
2. Describe the process of erosion.
3. Analyse how erosion carry weathered products and deposit elsewhere.
4. Propose solution to erosion problems.

What I Know

Pre-Assessment

1. Read the instructions carefully.

2. Take the pretest before reading the rest of the module.
3. Do all the activities.
4. Use the concept discussed in each lesson to explain the results of activities.
5. Take the posttest after you have finished the lessons and performed all
activities.

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To start off, you have to to answer the pretest for you to measure how much you
know about the topic.
You can start now.
• There are 15 questions. Each question has ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER.
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
• Each question is worth 1 point.
• Read each question fully and carefully. Take your time.
•GOOD LUCK!

1. The process that transports rocks, soil and sediments to a different location is
called __________.
A. Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Transportation
D. Mass Wasting
2. Plants prevent soil erosion by
A. releasing water into the atmosphere through transpiration
B. holding dirt in place with their roots
C. the process of photosynthesis
D. providing food for herbivores
3. Removal of fine sediment deposited by wind
A. Abrasion
B. Loess
C. Clearing
D. Sedimentation
4. In the process of saltation, what causes the sand-sized particles to bounce?
A. Wind
B. Soil
C. Rock
D. Water
5. Which of the following situations is MOST likely to lead to soil erosion?
A. An unusual long dry spell for an area
B. A lack of sun for three weeks in a row
C. Excessive tilling of farmer’s field
D. Adding vegetation to an area
6. What could prevent wind erosion?
A. Soil
B. Rocks
C. Water
D. Plants
7. What type of erosion caused the Grand Canyon to form?
A. Wind erosion
B. Wave erosion
C. River erosion
D. Flood erosion
8. Which of the following causes splash erosion when it hits the ground?
A. Floods
B. Rainfall
C. Rivers
D. Wind

2
9. What is abrasion?
A. A type of erosion caused by floods
B. A type of erosion caused when the wind carries loose particles away
C. A type of erosion caused by flying particles breaking off pieces of land
D. A type of erosion caused by humans
10. Which of the following is way to limit the amount of erosion caused by human
activity?
A. Planting trees to protect farmland from the wind
B. Rotating herds between different grasslands
C. Planting trees to replace ones that were cut down
D. All of the above
11. Which of the following is not a natural erosion?
A. Shoreline erosion-occurs due to the action of currents and waves
B. Pouring a glass of water on a rock
C. Wind erosion-movement of material by wind
D. Water erosion- erosion caused by either raindrops or heavy rain
12. What is sediment?
A. Bits of rock, sand and silt cause by the weathering of rocks
B. The process of rocks being broken down and carried away
C. Decaying plant or animal material
D. The top layer of the soil
13. The dropping of sediments in a new place is called _____________.
A. Departing
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. Weathering
14. What is coastal erosion?
A. The wearing away or disappearance of coastline
B. The wearing away of mountains
C. The disappearance of forests and trees
D. The flattening of farmland
15. Soil erosion prevention and sedimentation control requires thoughtful ______
to be effective
A. Measures
B. Planning
C. Maintenance
D. Care

3
Lesson

1 Exogenic Process: Erosion

What’s In

Hello guys! If you still remember in the previous module you learnt about the
process of weathering. You also learnt that there are three types of weathering:
Physical, Chemical and Biological Weathering.

Notes to the Teacher

You can use sample pictures showing the different types of
weathering processes.

Figure 1. Physical Weathering Figure 2. Chemical Weathering Figure 3.Biological Weathering.

Photo Credit: geolsoc.org.uk Photo Credit: worldofchemicals.com Photo Credit: Geocaching.com

Sample images of different types of weathering

This time, you will learn how the products of weathering are carried away by
erosion and deposited elsewhere.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: Kinds of Erosion

Materials:

Splash erosion

o large piece of white bulletin board paper

o dropper or pipette
o watch glass or shallow saucer
o 2-3 tablespoons of soil

Procedure:
1. Place 2-3 tbsp. of soil in a saucer.
2. Holding the dropper/pipette approximately 1 meter above the watch
glass/saucer filled with dirt, predict what will happen when the water is
dropped on the saucer full of dirt. Demonstrate several splashes. Observe
and record your observation/s.

Wind erosion

o 5-10 cups of sand to create a hill

o a blow dryer with cylindrical barrel
o a trough for a wind chamber
o wooden matches, sticks, or coins

Procedure:
1. Create a hill using 5-10 cups of sand. Predict the results of turning on the
blow dryer.
2. Turn the dryer on low.
3. Observe and record the changing landscape.
4. Stand a couple of matchsticks or coins in the sand and allow the dryer to
continue blowing while observing.

Water, or fluvial, erosion

o large container filled with water (coffee can or bucket)

o a means by which the water container can be raised above the erosion
surface (ring stand with screen to support water container; raised
window sill)
o a long board to create a slope (Note: Plastic sleds also work well.)
o long sheet of plastic to cover board and drain water off
o large container for collection of the runoff water
o a small rectangular wood block
o plastic or rubber tubing

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Procedure:

1. Set up a slope.
2. Cover the entire surface of the plastic-covered board with soil. Pat into
place.
3. Fill coffee can with water and place on ring stand shelf. Hold the can firmly
in place.
4. Fill the tubing with water. Cover one end of the tube with your finger.
Submerge tubing in coffee can and hold in place.
5. Ask somebody to place his or her finger over the other end of the tubing.
Predict what will happen when the lower end of the tube is placed in the
soil. (Water should siphon through the tube and flow steadily through the
soil.)
6. Observe and discuss the resulting land forms.
7. Stand a block of wood in the resulting soil bank along the flowing stream.
Discuss how this could represent construction of buildings in the area and
Observe effects of the water flow.
8. Lay the wood block on its side in an attempt to dam the water. Discuss
resulting changes in the flow and landforms.

What is It

Lesson 1. Types of erosion

Splash, wind, and running water (fluvial) erosion are three of many types
of erosion. The following words and pictures explain the difference between these
three.
Splash Erosion Photo Credit: Fao- Photo Library on Soil Erosion

This erosion is caused by the impact of falling

raindrops.
Raindrops impacting the soil surface disperse
and splash the soil, displacing particles from
their original position. Splash erosion is caused
by the bombardment of soil surface by
impacting raindrops. Processes of splash
erosion involve raindrop impact, splash of soil
particles, and formation of craters.

Wind Erosion

Wind erosion refers to the damage of land as a

result of wind removing soil from an area. Most
often, wind erosion occurs on flat land in dry or
sandy areas. It can happen anywhere and

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anytime the wind blows. Wind

erosion can occur in any area where the soil or

sand is not compacted or is of a finely
granulated nature. When the wind moves lose
soil and dirt particles, this would be an example
of deflation. When airborne particles cause land
mass to wear away or erode, on the other hand,
this is an example of abrasion. In saltation, the
major fraction of soil moved by the wind
and fine soil particles are lifted into the air and
drift horizontally across the surface increasing in
velocity as they go. Suspension, on the other
hand, occurs when very fine dirt and dust
particles are lifted into the wind. They can be
thrown into the air through impact with other
particles or by the wind itself. In surface creep
movement, the large particles which are too
heavy to be lifted into the air are moved. Photo Credit: Liberal dictionary- Erosion
Water Erosion 

Moving water is the most important natural

erosional agent.

 Water erosion is the wearing away of the

soil surface by water from rain, runoff, P
snowmelt, and irrigation. Rainwater in
the form of runoff is the main driver of
water erosion. It refers to the movement of
soil organic and inorganic particles along the
soil surface with flowing water and
deposition of the eroded materials at lower
landscape positions and in aquatic
ecosystems. The eroded material can either
form a new soil or simply fill lakes,
reservoirs, and streams. Water erosion Photos Credit: earthonlinemedia.com
occurs in all soils to varying degrees.
 Rivers - Rivers can create a significant
amount of erosion over time. They break up
particles along the river bottom and carry
them downstream. One example of river
erosion is the Grand Canyon which was
formed by the Colorado River.
 Waves - Ocean waves can cause the
coastline to erode. The shear energy and
force of the waves causes pieces of rock
and coastline to break off changing the
coastline over time.
 Floods - Large floods can cause erosion to
happen very quickly acting like powerful
rivers.
 Delta, the triangular-shaped deposits formed
when the river empties into the ocean

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 What’s More

Activity 2: How Does Erosion Affect My World?

This activity challenges you to:
• make detailed and fact-based qualitative and quantitative observations
• identify actual problems that are the result of erosion and related processes

Think It Through: Find a location at your school that appears to be affected by

erosion, then answer the following questions.

What are your first impressions about this area or situation?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

What are those changes in the location and how does the appearance of the area
differ before and after erosion happened?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Can you identify any problems that may result to the affected location by erosion?
What are those possible problems may be?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Lesson 2. The Process of Erosion

Erosion. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which
means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth’s crust,
primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by
natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a
moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. Transport refers to the processes by
which the sediment is moved along – for example, pebbles rolled along a river-bed
or sea shore, sand grains whipped up by the wind, salts carried in solution. The

8
process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported
particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface.

Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind, or ice (usually in the form of
a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking
place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in
the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This
transported material is called sediment.

The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to
increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these
waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are
also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.

Lesson 2. The Process of Erosion

Erosion. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which
means "a gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth’s crust,
primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by
natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by gravity, or by a
moving transport agent- wind, water or ice. Transport refers to the processes by
which the sediment is moved along – for example, pebbles rolled along a river-bed
or sea shore, sand grains whipped up by the wind, salts carried in solution. The
process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the transported
particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the surface.

Most erosion is performed by liquid water, wind, or ice (usually in the form of
a glacier). If the wind is dusty, or water or glacial ice is muddy, erosion is taking
place. The brown color indicates that bits of rock and soil are suspended in
the fluid (air or water) and being transported from one place to another. This
transported material is called sediment.

The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to
increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these
waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are
also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.

What I Have Learned

1. The word erosion comes from the Latin word "erosionem" which means "a
gnawing away.". It is the removal of surface material from Earth’s crust,
primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials
by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal by
gravity, or by a moving transport agent- wind, water or ice.

9
 2. Splash, wind, and running water (fluvial) erosion are three of many types
of erosion.
3. Splash erosion is caused by the impact of falling raindrops.
4. Wind erosion refers to the damage of land as a result of wind removing soil
from an area.
5. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain,
runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation.
6. Rivers can create a significant amount of erosion over time.
7. Ocean waves can cause the coastline to erode.
8. Large floods can cause erosion to happen very quickly acting like powerful
rivers.
9. Delta, the triangular-shaped deposits formed when the river empties into the
ocean.
10. The process of erosion stops through the process of deposition when the
transported particles fall out of the transporting medium and settle on the
surface.

What I Can Do

Activity 3: How to Solve Erosion Problems

Direction. Review your activity 2. Now, record a list of ideas that you hypothesized
which could address and/or correct the erosion problem(s) that you observed at your
school.

1st Idea: ____________________________________________________________.

2nd Idea: ___________________________________________________________.

3rd Idea: ____________________________________________________________.

Conclusion Sentence: _________________________________________________.

Combine, organize, and extend your ideas to write a detailed plan of your proposed
solution on how to solve erosion problem(s) in your school.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Assessment (Posttest)
1. What is abrasion?
A. A type of erosion caused by floods
B. A type of erosion caused when the wind carries loose particles away
C. A type of erosion caused by flying particles breaking off pieces of land
D. A type of erosion caused by humans
2. Which of the following causes splash erosion when it hits the ground?
A. Floods
B. Rainfall
C. Rivers
D. Wind
3.What type of erosion caused the Grand Canyon to form?
A.Wind erosion
B. Wave erosion
C. River erosion
D. Flood erosion
4.The process that transports rocks, soil and sediments to a different location is
called __________.
A. Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Transportation
D. Mass Wasting
5. Removal of fine sediment deposited by wind
A. Abrasion
B. Loess
C. Clearing
D. Sedimentation
6. Soil erosion prevention and sedimentation control requires thoughtful ______
to be effective
A. Measures
B .Planning
C. Maintenance
D. Care
7. What is sediment?
A. Bits of rock, sand and silt cause by the weathering of rocks
B. The process of rocks being broken down and carried away
C.Decaying plant or animal material
D.The top layer of the soil
8. Plants prevent soil erosion by
A. releasing water into the atmosphere through transpiration
B. holding dirt in place with their roots
C. the process of photosynthesis
D. providing food for herbivores
9. What is coastal erosion?

11
 A.The wearing away or disappearance of coastline
B. The wearing away of mountains
C. The disappearance of forests and trees
D. The flattening of farmland
10. Which of the following situations is MOST likely to lead to soil erosion?
A.An unusual long dry spell for an area
B. A lack of sun for three weeks in a row
C. Excessive tilling of farmer’s field
D. Adding vegetation to an area
11. Which of the following is not a natural erosion?
A.Shoreline erosion-occurs due to the action of currents and waves
B. Pouring a glass of water on a rock
C. Wind erosion-movement of material by wind
D. Water erosion- erosion caused by either raindrops or heavy rain
12. In the process of saltation, what causes the sand-sized particles to bounce?
A.Wind
B. Soil
C. Rock
D. Water
13. What could prevent wind erosion?
A.Soil
B. Rocks
C. Water
D. Plants
14. Which of the following is way to limit the amount of erosion caused by human
activity?
A.Planting trees to protect farmland from the wind
B. Rotating herds between different grasslands
C. Planting trees to replace ones that were cut down
D. All of the above
15.The dropping of sediments in a new place is called _____________.
A.Departing
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. Weathering
E.

Additional Activities

For further observation, you can record natural circumstance in your place or
community the picture/s of different types of erosion and the changes it bring that
affect the physical and geographical features of the certain place. Make a table of
your observations. List your ideas in every particular observation on how to solve the
certain effects. Share them to your family and friends and to your community for their
awareness.

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 Answer Key

Pretest

References

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Erosion.

https://www.britannica.com/science/erosion-geology

Breuer, Melissa. 2018. Dig This! Erosion Investigation. Accessed May 29, 2020.
http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/scienceforohio/Erosion/L.html

YourDictionary staff. Examples of Wind Erosion. Accessed May 30, 2020

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-wind-erosion.html

The Geological Society. Erosion and Transport.

Accessed May 30,
2020.https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page
3640.html

Ducksters Education Site. Earth Science. Erosion. Accessed May 30, 2020

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all
public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph