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Voice

The document discusses the different types of transformations required to change sentences from the active voice to the passive voice in English. It provides examples for changing the structure of sentences based on: (1) the tense of the verb (present, past, future); (2) the presence of modal verbs, infinitives, reflexive objects, etc.; and (3) the type of sentence (assertive, interrogative). Various prepositions that can be used with the object in passive sentences are also outlined.

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MD Arafat Rahman
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67 views4 pages

Voice

The document discusses the different types of transformations required to change sentences from the active voice to the passive voice in English. It provides examples for changing the structure of sentences based on: (1) the tense of the verb (present, past, future); (2) the presence of modal verbs, infinitives, reflexive objects, etc.; and (3) the type of sentence (assertive, interrogative). Various prepositions that can be used with the object in passive sentences are also outlined.

Uploaded by

MD Arafat Rahman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Voice

ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছেন, না
কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।

Types of voice:
1. Active voice
2. Passive voice

Passive Voice এ verb এর পরিবর্ত নগুলো:

Present tense
a) Present indefinite - am, is, are
b) Present Continuous - am, is, are +being
c) Present Perfect – Have/Has +been
Past tense
a) Past Indefinite- was/were
b) Past Continuous – was/were + being
c) Past Perfect – Had +been
Future tense
a) Future Indefinite – shall be/will be
b) Future Continuous – Shall be/ will be +being
c) Future Perfect- shall have/ will have +been

Modal Verbs (May, might, can, could…) + must, ought to, going to থাকলে,
Structure: O~S + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to + be + V.P.P. + by + S~O
Active: We are going to open a shop
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

Infinitive যুক্ত active voice থাকলে,


Structure: Sub + main verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + V.P.P
Active: He wants you to write a letter,
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

One + should যুক্ত active voice থাকলে,


Structure: O~S + should be + V.P.P.
Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves..) থাকলে,


Structure: Subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v.p.p. + by + Reflexive object.
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তবের সময় উভয় clause এর voice
পরিবর্ত ন হয়।
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.

Double object যুক্ত active voice থাকলে, দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয়
(personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল)
Active: I gave him a flower.
Passive: He was given a flower by me.

Sentence টি Quasi Passive হলে,


Subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী
Auxiliary verb + v.p.p.
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is tasted sweet.

Active voice এ Need, bid, dare, make, hear


, feel, let, know, behold watch ইত্যাদি verb এর পর to উহ্য থাকে তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে
to বসে।
Active: He made me do the work.
Passive: I was made to do the work.

অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর subject কে object করার সময় by ছাড়া অন্য Preposition (at, on, with)
ইত্যাদি ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন :
Active : He annoyed me.
Passive: I was annoyed with him.

Interrogative Sentence

Interrogative sentence(Active)
Assertive sentence(Active)
Assertive sentence(Passive)
Interrogative sentence(Passive)
Example :
Interrogative (Active): Have you eaten rice?
Assertive (Active): You have eaten rice.
Assertive (Passive) : Rice has been eaten by you.
Interrogative (Passive) : Has rice been eaten by you?

What/Whom থাকলে, What /Who বসে।


Structure: What/Who + Auxiliary+ V.P.P.+ by + S~O+?
Active: What/Whom do you want?
Passive: What/Who is wanted by you?

Who থাকলে By whom বসে।


By whom+Auxiliary +O~S+ প্রয়োজনে be being/been+ V.P.P.+?
Active: Who is calling me?
Passive: By whom+ am + I +being+ called?

Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে,


Structure: Let+O~S+ be+V.P.P.
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.

(e)Main verb + ব্যাক্তিবাচক Object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকলে,
Let+O~S + be+V.P.P.+for+ব্যাক্তিবাচক obj.
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive:-Let a shirt be bought for me.

Do not দিয়ে শুরু হলে,


Structure: Let +not+O~S+ be+V.P.P.
Active: Do not shut the door.
Passive - Let not the door be shut.

Let + ব্যাক্তিবাচক object(Me, his…) হলে,


Let+O~S+ be+V.P.P+by+O~O
Active: Let me do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by me.

Never দিয়ে শুরু হলে,


Structure: Let +never+O~S+ be+V.P.P.
Active:-Never tell a lie
Passive:-Let never a lie be told

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