A

Seminar Report
on
“PROJECT TITLE”
Academic Year of 2022-2023

(Savitribai Phule Pune University)

Submitted By:

NAME OF STUDENTS WITH EXAM SEAT NUMBER

Guided By:

Dr./Prof GUIDE NAME

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,

Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Hadapsar, Pune 28
 Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Hadapsar.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Rohan Adki (3201), Ms.Tejashri Barhate (3209) ,
Mr.Sarthak Ghorpade (3223) the students of TE Electronics & Telecommunication
Engineering, JSCOE, Hadapsar have submitted their seminar report entitled "SMART
CROP PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION CONTROLLER
SYSTEM” under the supervision and guidance of Dr./Prof. D.B.Salunke Sir for the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of “Bachelor of
Engineering” during the academic year 2022-23 of Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Date: / /2023

Place: Pune.

Project Guide H. O. D

(Dr./Prof. D.B.SALUNKE) (Dr. C. A. Manjare)

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to present our seminar report on “SMART CROP
PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION CONTROLLER SYSTEM”. We
express our sincere thanks to our project guide Dr./Prof. D.B.SALUNKE for his/her
valuable help, guidance and the confidence, which he gave us at all stages of the project
work.
We also express our gratitude to Dr. C. A. Manjare, Head of the E&TC Dept. for
providing us the necessary facilities in the laboratory as well as her kind support.

Finally, we are grateful to all faculty members of our department for their co-
operation and valuable help.

1. Mr. Rohan Adki (3201)

2. Ms.Tejashri Barhate (3209)

3. Sarthak Ghorpade (3223)

 ABSTRACT

India is an agriculture based country. Our ancient people were totally dependent on agricultural harvest.
Agriculture is the source of livelihood for the majority of Indians and has a major impact on the country's
economy.

Irrigation is difficult in dry areas or when there is insufficient rainfall. Therefore, it is necessary to
automate it for the correct yield and to handle it remotely for the safety of the farmers.

Rising energy costs and decreasing water supplies point to the need for better water management.
Irrigation management is a complex decision-making process that determines when and how much water
to apply to a growing crop to meet specific management goals.

If the farmer is far from the farmland, he will not notice the current conditions. Effective water
management therefore plays an important role in irrigation systems for agricultural crops.

A low-cost alternative solution for efficient water management currently in use is drip irrigation systems,
which consist of an automatic controller to turn control values on and off, which in turn helps farmers by
controlling the water supply to fields and further maintaining soil moisture levels , which helps in better
crop production.

This project deals with the design of an automated irrigation system based on Arduino. This Embedded
project is to design and develop a low-cost feature that is based on an embedded platform for a water
irrigation system.

This project uses temperature and soil moisture sensors to detect the amount of water present in
agriculture. The project uses an Arduino microcontroller, which is a controller for processing information.

The goal of the implementation was to demonstrate that automatic irrigation can be used to reduce water
consumption.
 INDEX

I. Introduction

II. Literature Survey

III. Block diagram and description of proposed work

IV. Specifications of proposed system.

V. component values and its description

VI. Circuit diagram & Circuit Simulation.

VII. Algorithm / Flow chart/ Program/ Code whichever is applicable

VIII. Relevance to the present industrial scenario

IX. Conclusion & Future Scope

X. References
 INTRODUCTION

By using the concept of a modern irrigation system, a farmer can save up to 50% of water. This concept
depends on two irrigation methods, which are: conventional irrigation methods such as overhead
sprinklers, flood-type feeding systems, i.e. wetting the lower leaves and stem of the plants. The area
between the crop rows dries up because a large amount of water is consumed by flood-type methods, in
which case the farmer depends only on random rainfall.

Crops are infected with leaf blight because the soil surface often remains wet and saturated after irrigation
is completed. To overcome these shortcomings, new techniques have been adopted in irrigation
techniques by which small amounts of water are applied to parts of the root zone of the plant.

Plant soil moisture stress is prevented by providing the necessary amount of water sources often or often
daily, which will maintain soil moisture well. The diagram below shows the whole concept of a modern
irrigation system.

Traditional techniques such as spraying or surface irrigation require/use almost half of the water
resources. Even more precise amounts of water can be delivered to plants. As long as the leaves are dry,
disease and insect damage to the plant is reduced, further reducing operating costs. Dry rows between
plants lead to continuous federations during the irrigation process. Fertilizers can be applied through this
type of system and the cost required for clearance is also reduced.

Soil and wind erosion is much reduced with current techniques compared to overhead sprinkler systems.
The characteristics of the soil will determine the form of dripping nature in the root zone of the plant that
receives the moisture.

Because the drip method will reduce huge water losses, it has become a popular method by reducing labor
costs and increasing yields. When the components are activated, all the components will read and give an
output signal to the controller and the information will be displayed to the user (farmer). The sensor data
is analog in nature, so the ADC pin in the controller converts the analog signals into digital format. Then
the controller will access the information and when the motors are on/off it will be displayed on the LCD
panel.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

It is a simple project more useful in watering plants automatically without any human interference. We
know that people do not pour the water on to the plants in their gardens when they go to vacation or often
forget to water plants. As a result, there is a chance to get the plants damaged.

This project is an excellent solution for such kind of problems. Many irrigation systems exits such as,

1. Monitoring of rice crops using GPRS and wireless sensors for efficient use of water and Electricity.
2. Wireless Sensor Based Remote Monitoring System for Agriculture Using ZigBee and GPS.
3. Design of Embedded System for the Automation of Drip Irrigation.
4. A Survey of Automated GSM Based Irrigation System.
5. Wireless Sensor Networks Agriculture: For Potato Farming.
6. Design and Implementation of GSM based Irrigation System Using ARM7.
7. Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module.
8. Automated Irrigation System Using Solar Power.
9. Review for ARM based agriculture field monitoring system.
10. Automatic Irrigation Control by using wireless sensor networks.
11. Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network.
Block diagram and description of proposed work
Specifications of proposed system.
 Component Values And its Description

1.Aurdino UNO:

Price: 1 Unit 750Rs

The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller development board based on the ATmega328P 8-bit

microcontroller. Along with the ATmega328P MCU IC, it consists of other components such as crystal

oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller.

Arduino Uno Technical Specifications
Microcontroller

ATmega328P - 8-bit microcontroller of the AVR family

operating voltage: 5V

Recommended input voltage: 7-12V

Input voltage limits:6-20V

Analog input pins: 6 (A0 – A5)

Digital I/O pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Direct current on I/O pins: 40mA

Direct current on pin 3.3V: 50mA

Flash memory: 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)

2.Water Pump

Price: 1Unit 70 Rs
Mini water pump is a 3v, 5v, 6v, 12v, 24v dc water pump motor or 110v, 220v, 240v ac water pump that
uses centrifugal force to transport, raise or circulate water for various water application systems or
machines. It also named a miniature water pump, a small water pump.

The small water pump is a 24v, 12v DC motor water pump or 120v, 230v, 240v, 380v ac water pump that
plays the role of transporting, lifting or pressurizing water, fuel, coolant in various water circulation,
booster systems. Include small submersible water pump, small solar water pump, etc

.
3.Buzzer:
Price: 1Unit 30Rs
The buzzer is a kind of electronic buzzer with integrated structure, powered by DC power supply, and
widely used in audio equipment electronic products, such as personal computers, printers, copiers, burglar
alarms, electronic toys, car electronic equipment, telephone will be and timers. Alarms can be classified as
active and passive (see figure below). With two siren pins facing up, one with the green circuit board is
the alarm off and the other with the black strip is the alarm on.

The difference between active and inactive alarms is:

Since the active siren has an internal oscillating source, it emits a sound when activated. However, passive
chimes do not have such a source and do not tweet when using a DC signal. Instead, it should be driven by
a square wave with a frequency between 2K and 5K. Active bells are often more expensive than passive
bells because they have multiple internal oscillator circuits.

4.Jumper Wire:
Price: 30 Unit 90Rs
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, which can be used to connect two
points together without soldering. Jumper wires are commonly used with breadboards and other
prototyping tools to make it easy to change circuits as needed. Quite simple. In fact, it doesn't get much
more basic than jumper wires.
5.PIR Sensor:

Price: 1Unit 100Rs

Connecting the PIR sensor to the microcontroller is very easy. The PIR acts as a digital output and can be
high or low voltage, so all you have to do is listen to the digital input of the Arduino and listen for the pin
to go high (detected) or low (not detected). give

Be sure to set the jumper to the H position, as you will most likely need to re-enable.

Supply 5V PIR and connect ground to ground. Then connect the output to a digital pin. This example uses
pin 2.

The code is very simple and basically just keeps track of whether the pin 2 input is high or low. It also
tracks the status of pins and sends messages when movement starts and stops.

6.Soil Moisturizer Sensor

Price: 1unit 60Rs
Soil moisture sensor module is used to detect soil moisture. It measures the volumetric content of water
inside the soil and gives us the moisture level as an output. The module has both digital and analog
outputs and a potentiometer to adjust the threshold level.

Soil Moisture Sensor Module Features and Specifications

Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 5V DC
Operating current: 15mA
Output Digital - 0V to 5V, adjustable trigger level from preset
Output Analog - 0V to 5V based on the infrared radiation from the flame falling on the sensor
LEDs indicating output and power
PCB Size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm
LM393 based design
Easy to use with microcontrollers or even common digital/analog ICs
Small, cheap and easily available
Circuit diagram & Circuit Simulation.
Code
 Conclusion & Future Scope

The primary applications for this project are for farmers and gardeners who do not have enough time to

water their crops/plants. It also covers farmers who waste water during irrigation.

As water supplies become scarce and polluted, irrigation needs to be done more efficiently to reduce

water use and chemical leaching. Recent advances in soil water sensing make commercial application of

this technology possible for automated irrigation management for vegetable production.

However, research has shown that different types of sensors work under all conditions with a range of

reductions in water consumption of up to 70% compared to conventional practices without any negative

impact on crop yields.

 References

Websites:

http://web.science.mq.edu.au/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/
http://cs.stanford.edu/projects/
http://www.Drip Irrigation Images.com
http://gardenbot.org/howTo/soilMoisture/