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Notes on Transport in India

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Notes on Transport in India

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meher.17taggar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Notes on Transport in India

Importance of Transport
 Facilitates movement of people, animals, and goods.
 Enhances resource utilization.
 Supports industrialization and urbanization.
 Alleviates scarcity during crises.
Types of Transport
1. Roadways
 History: Grand Trunk Road built by Sher Shah Suri connected Kolkata and
Peshawar.
 Network: India has the second largest road network globally; 40% of
villages lack all-weather roads.
Categories of Roads
 National Highways: Major highways maintained by the Central
Government; NH7 is the longest (7700 km).
 State Highways: Connect NH, district headquarters, and tourist centers;
maintained by state governments.
 District Roads: Connect production areas to markets; link small towns.
 Rural Roads: Comprise 80% of total road length; vital for agricultural
transport.
 Other Roads: Include Border Roads for defense and international
highways.
Advantages of Roadways
 Accessible to remote areas.
 Lower construction costs than railways.
 Door-to-door service.
 Supports quick transport of perishable goods.
Disadvantages of Roadways
 Poor maintenance leads to vehicle wear and tear.
 High traffic congestion in cities.
 Multiple toll and check-posts.
2. Railways
 History: Introduced in 1853; nationalized in 1951.
 Network: One of the largest in the world with over 7,137 stations.
Track System
 Broad Gauge: 1.676 m (85% of routes).
 Metre Gauge: 1 m (11% of routes).
 Narrow Gauge: 0.762 m and 0.610 m (4% of routes).
Advantages of Railways
 Efficient for bulky and perishable goods.
 Connects villages to cities.
 Safer and more comfortable for long-distance travel.
Disadvantages of Railways
 Limited flexibility of routes.
 Long journeys can be tiring.
 Pollution from steam engines.
3. Air Transport
 History: Began in 1911 between Allahabad and Naini.
 Management: Airports Authority of India oversees civil aviation.
Advantages of Air Transport
 Fastest mode of transport.
 Essential during natural calamities.
Disadvantages of Air Transport
 High costs.
 Weather-dependent; flights can be delayed.
4. Water Transport
 Types: Inland waterways (rivers, canals) and oceanic waterways (coastline
ports).
Inland Waterways
 National Waterway No. 1: Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly system.
 National Waterway No. 2: Brahmaputra River.
Oceanic Waterways
 Major ports handle 80% of cargo traffic; include Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai,
etc.
Advantages of Waterways
 Cheapest transport mode.
 Suitable for heavy and bulky goods.
 Eco-friendly and fuel-efficient.
Disadvantages of Waterways
 Weather-dependent.
 Long travel times.
Difference between Port and Harbour
| Port | Harbour | |------|---------| | Man-made commercial places | Natural or
created safe anchorage | | Built where water is navigable | Surrounded by land
with sea access | | Focused on cargo handling | Provides safe parking for ships | |
Larger with storage facilities | May serve as ports if equipped |

These notes summarize the various modes of transport in India, highlighting their
importance, advantages, and disadvantages.

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