CASE STUDY ON HOUSING/APARTMENT

BY GROUP D
34 Praman Shrestha.
38 Rajay Bajracharya.
39 Rashmi Gautam.
45 Season Shakya.
48 Yajuna Shrestha.
49 Dev Dahal.

1
HOUSING • Housing is any living spaces for the purpose

of sheltering people. It is also well referred

in construction and assigned usage of

houses or buildings.

• It can be any kind of dwellings, lodging, or

shelter.

• Housing in many different areas consists of

public, social and private housing.

• People can purchase single-family homes,

manufactured homes, apartments and

condominiums. 2
 DESIGN METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART

Identifying
the Case Site Schematic
Problem Study Visit/Analysis Designs

Literature Preparation Conceptual Final

Review of Materials Designs Presentation/
Submission

3
CASE STUDY METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART

Selecting
Making Collecting Analyzing and
Site/Case
Questionnaire Data Inferences
Study

-Evaluating and
For different levels -Accessible ones Using Various report writing.
like: where we are methods like: -Comparing
-Residents. allowed to do the -Site visit. different aspects.
-Community. case study. -Questionnaire. -Development of
-Management. -Known residents. -Internet research. Inferences.
-Designer. -Conclusion.
-Developer.

4
NATIONAL CASE STUDIES
VINAYAK COLONY
MERO CITY APARTMENTS

5
VINAYAK COLONY
2011
CE CONSTRUCTIONS PVT.LTD
6
INTRODUCTION PROJECT NAME: Vinayak Colony

DEVELOPERS: CE construction Pvt.Ltd

LOCATION: Sainbu Awas, Bhaisepati,

Karyabinayak municipality, Lalitpur District (200m

from Bhaisepati chowk)

YEAR OF COMPLETION: January, 2008 TO April,

2011

PROJECT TYPE: Multi family, Affordable Housing.

SITE AREA: 5,09,383.5 sq. ft.

NO. OF PLOTS: 183 Housing units and a

community building
7
LAND DIVISION

● Coordinates: 27.65°N, 85.30°E

● Sloppy land
● Houses in the colony are aligned with
the tertiary road of 5m.
● The colony occupies:
○ Land area: 5,09,383.5 sq. ft.
○ Road area: 98,850.35 sq. ft.
(20%)
○ Plot area: 3,75,265.15 sq. ft.
(75%)
○ Open area: 17,968.97 sq. ft. (5%)

ROAD AREA OPEN AREA PLOT AREA

8
PUD (PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT)

● It falls under the planned unit development housing

that doesn't follow the zoning requirements in the
area that are standard for housing developments.It is
owned by the Private sector Developer with
permission from the local government authority to
create a housing development that follows different
standards.
● The colony is spread over 104 Ropanis of land i.e.
5 lakhs 69 thousand five hundred and four square
feet.
● It has two entrances one from the Awas Chhetra
area and one from the Chobar road. There are total
4 gates
● Main colony situated in between Gate 3 and 4 holds
184 houses and additional 19 houses are in between
in Gate 1 and 2. These two are separated by Cross
roads.
9
PLANNING

● The planning is in Grid iron pattern.

● The Houses are arranged along the pattern planned
with setback from all sides of Minimum 5ft setback.
● Larger setbacks have been given at front and back
sides of a house unit.
● Leftover corner spaces are designated as recreational
and landscape spaces.
● Recreational services are far from some houses located
in the other corner.

10
PLANNING

● It consists of 7 types
of housing unit from
Type A to type G
with green pockets
in between and
temple is near the
back entrance. (CE
Real Estate, 2020)

11
 Temple

Master plan

Community
Building 12
MASTERPLAN
13
HOUSING TYPE – A
14
HOUSING TYPE – B
15
HOUSING TYPE – C
16
HOUSING TYPE – D
17
HOUSING TYPE – E
18
HOUSING TYPE – F
19
HOUSING TYPE – G
20
OPEN SPACES

● Few open spaces in comparison to its large

land area.
● Only 1.71% out of total land area is landscape
elements.
● Landscape has been done in remaining
residual areas instead of planned landscape.
● Open spaces are given in form of chaitya
square, temple complex and children
playgrounds.

21
OTHER AMENITIES/FACILITIES

MULTIPURPOSE BUILDING
22
ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION

● The buildings here are in Contemporary style.

● The units are in different land area and costs according to the
requirements. Minimalist western architecture can be seen with
a suave contemporary look.
● It is modern style with box type architecture played well with
mass and volume with large opening for good light and
ventilation in the interior space.
● Big openings are aesthetically balanced by slit openings.
(Housing Nepal, 2020)

23
TRAFFIC ROUTE

● Part of LMC Sainbu, Khokana and Bungamati area covers a

total area of 11.18 Sq.Km. Bhaisipati is growing as a posh,
luxurious residential settlement
● There are 3 routes from the study area to the city or CBD.
○ Route 1 : Primary route (Bhaisipati, Nakkhu,
Bungamati and Khokana to Ekantakuna junction at
ring road )
○ Route 2 : Sainbu (Nakhudole area) across the Nakkhu
River through Kusunti area and connects to
Mahalaxmisthan junction at ring road.
○ Route 3 : Closed to general public

24
SERVICES
WATER TREATMENT
WATER SUPPLY
Boring hole of 300-500m
deep using aquifiers of
02
Jar water and
specially(tanker) 01 02 waterpump 50mm
supplied drinking water diameter
Boring water for
household purpose

ELECTRICITY Waste Management

Provision of street Tractor sent twice a week
lighting by Municipality for solid
Backup generator & waste
Mainline via 03 04 While liquid waste is sent
via supply line through
Transformers
manhole
25
National case study - II

MERO CITY
APPARTMENT
Hattiban, Lalitpur

26
INTRODUCTION
• Location: Hattiban, Lalitpur

• Developer: Royal Orchid Developers

• Construction Date: 2070 BS, operated from 2

years

• Project type: Affordable housing appartment

• Land Area: 11.5 acres

• Appartment Units: 1/2/3 BHK 286 units

27
HOUSING DEVELPMENT

The developers of this The acquisition of the

housing apartment 1 2 land for the project was
project were Royal Orchid relatively low-cost and
Developers, in the land the thus made it possible
located in the Ring road. for affordable housing.

It is still on the
Reconstruction the bridge
development phase,
and the construction of
however it has significantly
the two apartment towers
made the neighborhood
are to be carried out by the
developers.
4 3 development and also
benefiting from it.

28
MANAGEMENT

• The management committee is elected by the company every 5 years. 5

administration member and 8 staff.

• Repairment and maintenance of the unused apartment is done by the

management. The issues of disputes are settled by the committee

• Pet policy – no new pets allowed, except to those already there.

• The residents ought to ask the permission to add a partition or paint.

• The service charge to each residents is Rs. 2 per s.ft

• Money collected through the committee for maintenance.

29
INFRASTRUCTURES NEARBY

SITE

• KU SCHOOL OF ARTS (0.5 km) • KATHMANDU HOSPITAL (6km)

LOCATION MAP
• I J PIONEER SCHOOL (82m) • NEPAL CANCER HOSPITAL (1.5km )
• LA COLLEGE (700 m)
• LA SCHOOL (1.3 km) 30
 PLANNING

• The project is designed in a

SIDE ENTRANCE
tower zone planning.

• The apartment tower are

encircled around the setback
lines.

• Amphitheatre is too planned ENTRANCE

between the four towers.
(However not yet built)

• The main entrance is through

the bridge (which is damaged
right now )

31
MASTER PLAN 32
SITE SECTION 33
AREA ANALYSIS

OPEN
SPACE, 1095, GENERAL INFO
15%

GROUND •Area Covered : 15 Ropani

COVERAGE,
1585, 21% •Road Access : 32 Feet
UTILITY, 745,
10%
•Build Up Area : 8 Ropani

GREEN
FAR AND GROUND COVERAGE
SPACE, 1510,
20% MAIN ROAD,
2598, 34% • Land area for tora: 7,535.71 sq.M
• Ground coverage area: 1,585.14
sq.M
• Ground coverage ratio: 21.04%
GROUND COVERAGE MAIN ROAD (per 50%)
GREEN SPACE UTILITY
OPEN SPACE
• Far: 3.484

-In SQ.M 34
 FUTURE EXPANSION

• Two apartment towers to be built

• An amphitheater as an public space
• Landscaping Part B

TOWER E, TOWER A
326.9, A, 395.56,
21% 25% D

TOWER D E
, 271.56, TOWER
17% B, 306.57,
19%
TOWER
C, 284.55,
-In SQ.M 18%

TOWER A TOWER B TOWER C

TOWER D TOWER E 35
PARKING

• Basement and surface

parking

• Limited Parking.

• So paid visiting parking

is applied
BASEMENT PLAN STILT AND SURFACE PARKING LAYOUT

36
 SERVICES

WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT

• 50,000 liter per day
• Water treatment used
consumption
only for the boring.
• Use of Rain Water 01 02
02
Harvesting
• No common taps

ELECTRICITY Waste Management

• Regular cleaning
• Provision of street lighting • Sewage treatment Plan
• Backup generator & • Waste collected in the
Mainline via Transformers open space in the court
• Company’s own Electrician 03 04 area
and Plumber for any • Makes a bad visual
problems sensation
37
FIRE HAZARD AND EARTHQUAKE

• The provision of the fire

alarms and fire hose.

• Every unit of the Apartment

Floor.

• No sprinklers

• The project was branded as

the RCC earthquake
Resistant structure.

• Lack of Earthquake
evacuation spaces
38
Source: Royal Orchid Developers (2015)
 APPARTMENT UNITS

• Mero city consists of 5 towers with

single bedroom apartments at 377 sq.
ft and going up to two, three bedroom
apartments at 1100 sq. ft.

•Altogether, there are 286 units of

1/2/3 BHK units.

•60% of Apartments are occupied as

of 2 years of habitation.

•Being an affordable housing model,

the room sizes are small and minimal.

39
• The price for the apartment units ranges from smallest (i.e. 1BHK- 358 sq.ft) - 60 lakhs to
3BHK (1 crore 97 lakhs)

•The opening price after the construction was 20 lakhs only.

• 60% of Apartments are occupied as of 2 years of habitation.

40
FACILITIES

• Designed to accommodate the needs of

the entire family, from a play area for the
children to the temple surrounded by the
apartments of nature.

• The different Spaces for Recreational

activities are Basketball, Gym and
swimming pool.

• However many designed spaces like the

Amphitheatre is not yet constructed.

• Provision of 8pcs of CCTV and lockers to

monitor security with the guards.

• New pets are not deemed unallowable.

Playground CCTV
41
ANALYSIS

C ost
Of
living?

Affordability Site and surrounding Design & Architecture

• The major selling point of this • Major factor for affordability • Monotony in design- with the
housing project. is the land (site) purchase. lack of finishing done in the
structure
• A model for futuristic vision • The polluted river and the
addressing the growing damaged bridge is the major • Many of the landscaping and
housing demand issue, however all the facilities in the design is not
educational institutions, materialized, making an
medical hospitals and uninspiring space.
shopping center are nearby
42
 ENTRANCE
• The entrance not visible or well
maintained.

• Since the bridge is now damaged,

the main entry is unavailable.

Bridge

PEOPLE AND COMMUNITY

• Lack of priority in inclusiveness

• The community is heterogenous

and individualist in nature, with not
much of social event.

• Socially interactive spaces

Green Spaces
designed needs to be materialized.
Community Hall
43
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
ARANYA HOUSING
UNITE D’HABITATION
ARANYA LOW COST HOUSING PROJECT
1989, INDORE INDIA
VASTU-SHILPA FOUNDATION
45
 PROJECT NAME: Aranya Housing Project.
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN: Vastu-Shilpa Foundation (B.V. Doshi).

CLIENT: Indore Development Authority (IDA).

LOCATION: Indore, India.

YEAR OF COMPLETION: 1989.

PROJECT TYPE: Multi family, Affordable Housing.

SITE AREA: 85 Hectares (210 Acres).

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA: 100,000 sq.m

POPULATION: 65000

NO. OF PLOTS: 6500

AWARDS: Aga Khan award for Architecture ( 1996)

46
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
01 02
CAUSE EFFECT
The Indore Development Authority initiated an
During 1970 and onward, the emerging need to affordable housing project for 60,000 aimed at urban
house large numbers of people gave rise to various poor
housing projects.
A rectilinear site of 86 hectares was designed to
It had been estimated that approximately 51,000 accommodate over 6500 dwellings, largely for the
families were homeless or living in illegal settlements. Weaker Economic Section.

Previous efforts by the government were aimed at

This was an integrated approach for 'a sustainable
supplying ready-built units that took long time to
society' where the mix of different economic levels
complete, was expensive and required too much
of society could stay together.
resources

47
DESIGN OBJECTIVE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

QUESTION OF OWNERSHIP AIM OF DESIGN

Building homes is about 1. Designed for the

city’s economically
1. Creating a sense of weaker sections
belonging, (EWS) as well as
slum and street
2. Participatory
dwellers
involvement

3. The expression of 2. Providing a

aspirations, framework and
relationships and access to serviced
desires land, rather than a
finished house.

48
SITE AND SURROUNDING CONTEXT
• SITE AMENITIES: Hospitals,
School, Train Station,
Market, Garden, Offices

• ZONING: Residential,
Commercial, Institutional
and Community spaces

• ACCESIBLE: Delhi-Bombay
Highway towards east(60m
road) MAIN ROAD (30m) in
other three directions

• SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:

Linkage to the city and
employment generated in
the surrounding industrial
areas.

49
 STAGE 1: Plan initially prepared by IDA
STAGE 2: Initial Stage of proposed plan with distributed open spaces
STAGE 3: Later stage of Development with rectified orientation.
STAGE 4: Proposed Master plan
CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

.
EQUITY VITALITY

BASIS
IMAGEABI FOR FLEXIBILI
LITY PLANNIN Y
G

EFFICIE
NCY

Ideological Basis for Planning Aranya

Evolution of Master Plan 50
DESIGN APPROACH

From the understanding

Of the fundamental Framework of Things
needs of people and the Where the plot consisted
fact that space and of provision for services,
design eventually a toilet block, and a brick
revolve around the user plinth to build over
Integrated Approach Plot
Consisted of provision
For mixed-income for services, a toilet
groups was with an idea block, and a brick plinth
to get them together to build over.

51
LAND USE DETAILS
LAND USE AREA (IN %
HECTARES)
NET PLANNING 86.24 100
AREA
MARKETABLE

PLOT AREA 50.17 58.17

COMMERCIAL 2.80 3.25

AREA
INDUSTRIAL 0.14 0.16

SCHOOL AND 5.81 6.74

COMMUNITY
NON-MARKETABLE

ROAD AREA 20.29 23.52

OPEN SPACES 7.03 8.16

Plan Showing the Zoning of Land Use.
52
SITE PLANNING

• The site is divided into six parts by

the roads.

• Each part/sector has residential

clusters, community spaces, a set of
road networks with services & green
spaces.

• Each sector has residential clusters

of mainly 4 types of housing groups –
EWS, LIG, MIG & HIG.

• The central spine area is meant for

the commercial and institutional land
use.

Plan showing the division of the sectors via road

network. 53
54
ROAD CONNECTIVITY

TOWN LEVEL SECTOR LEVEL CLUSTER LEVEL ( EWS )

Different Level of Road Connectivity in Aranya

55
56

HOUSING TYPOLOGY AT ARANYA

Housing Typology in Aranya

56
PLANNING OF UNITS &&INCREMENTAL
HOUSING TYPOLOGY PLANNING OFHOUSING
UNITS

Housing Typologies

Planning of Units 57
 PLANNING OF CLUSTERS & INCREMENTAL HOUSING

• Incremental housing is a step by step process that is

integral urban development process or building house
communities.

• It is not quick ,immediate or complete but choice

3
remains with the owner.

• Starts with a starter core shelter which could be a

multipurpose room with kitchen and bathing facilities.

• The owner controls the expansion of their housing

58
 SEWER LINE

SERVICES ELECTRIC LINE

INSPECTION
CHAMBER
SEPTIC TANK

TOILET UNITS
3
HOUSE UNITS

SEWER LINE

STORM WATER

Plan Of 4 Cluster Of EWS Showing The Sewer System

Plan Showing Service lines in the settlement

Section through a street showing the storm water drainage 59
ANALYSIS-KEY FACTORS OF ARANYA HOUSING
Sensitive approach towarsd
3 society and its tradition al
ways

A conscious response
Association of our
4 towards the ecosystem
lives with culture 2

Relationships Co-exisence of
between Human and 1 5 functionality and
Environment poetic element

Economic and affordable housing

6 addressed to the Urban poor
60
FRAMEWORK OF THINGS

INFLUENCES
ALLOWS
1. Human and
1. People to shape adaptability
the space
according to 2. Private and
fundamental needs public buffers
and lifestyles
3. Indoor-outdoor
2. The house to grow relationships
subjectively,
influencing the 4. Flow of spaces.
connectivity

61
COMMON BUILDING MATERIALS

POURED CONCRETE BRICK, STONE, CEMENT

Small diameter shallow
Locally available brick,
piles with poured
stone and cement were
concrete was used,
used in construction as
which made for very
per owner’s wishes.
inexpensive foundation

PAVEMENT
DECORATIONS

Bright Colors in Stone pavement- Internal

Facades Streets/Squares in
Railings, Grills and Economically Weaker Section
Details of Indore Houses in Aranya Housing Cornices commonly Asphalt pavement- Peripheral
seen in Indore houses Road with Heavy Traffic

62
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGNClimate Responsive Features

63
SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT
HEIRARCHY &
OWNERSHIP CONNECTIVITY
The house belongs Small courtyards to be
to the owner shared families, Larger
financially physically 01 02
02 green spaces for each of
sectors, s central playing
and intellectually to
the owners after field to serve the entire
hand over development

SOCIAL STRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE AS A

PROCESS
Emphasis is given on
A house is not a
social structure and life
permanent finished
processes than in the
structure but an ever
building technology and
architectural expression
03 04 changing entity shaped
by the lives of the people

64
Interconnectivity and Space Interactions Plots with planned framework to grow

65
BUILDING TECHNIQUE AND STRUCTURE

The longer side facade is oriented

3 in the north- south axis to reduce
the solar radiations

two openings on north

and south permit
Most of the plots were
4 natural light and cross
small in and size 2 ventilation

The houses were Co-exisence of Courtyards

clustered in low rise 1 5 within houses, cul-de-sacs,
blocks. public squares and small
activity areas sufficiently
shaded

Landscaping and green areas

6 include flowering and shade giving
trees with thick green ground cover. 66
INFERENCES

VISION
MASTER PLAN
To have a unified sense of belonging by 1 2
Design parameters like
including the user in the design process
hierarchy, movement, scale were
was an effective and practical approach
instrumental in the Master Plan
towards the housing

GROWTH OF HOUSES
CONNECTION
Growth of houses and the evolution of
Every neighborhood connected
spaces were purely out of need and
through smaller public spaces and
the lifestyle of families.
3 4 informal pathways

67
INFERENCES

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
PLOT FRAMEWORK 5 6
Providing space for organic growth and Uplift weaker and low-income houses
movement in users. and transcend the informal nature of
their settlement

FUNCTIONALITY EXCEPTIONAL EXAMPLE

This framework maximized the The Project is exceptional for attempts
functionality and usage of spaces in to meet its socio-cultural as well as
shared living. 7 8 economic purpose

68
Unité d'Habitation (1952)
A Multi-family Housing Project by Le Corbusier
69
 INTRODUCTION
• Project Name: Unité d'Habitation (Housing
unit in French)

• Designed by: Le Corbusier

• Location: Marseille, France

• Built in: 1947-1952

• Style: Modern

• Project type: Affordable multi family housing

• Land Area: 11.5 acres

• 18 storey slab block structure

• Comprises of 337 apartment Units, housing

about 1600 people
70
SURROUNDING CONTEXT
• Situated in a large park

• So people get views of greenery from the

apartments

• Gardens, Boulevards, Hotels, Nursery

School etc. in site surrounding

Location Map
Aerial View 71
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

War Aftermath Resulting Housing demand

Europe was still heavily affected when The bombing of the city resulted
Le Corbusier was tasked to design a in a substantial rise in houisng
multi-family residential demand

In fact, many people of Marseille were This multi family housing complex
dislocated in great numbers after the for the masses was built as an
bombings on France. answer to the post-war housing
shortages

72
 CONCEPTS
MODULOR
VERTICAL GARDEN CITY
Entire building based on the
measuring units of modulor, Focused on communal
the universal measuring unit living for all the inhabitants
considered by Le Corbusier to shop, play, live, and
come together -unlike villa
construction

OCEAN LINER
AFFORDABILITY
The ocean liner-which housed
fed and entertained A garden city for the
thousands of passengers in a masses that was
very restricted space affordable

73
 PLANNING AND FACILITIES
24m 165m

56m

Typical city distribution Vertical city

distribution
Main elevation facing east west axis
• The North elevation is completely closed due to the cold winds from that side

• Stands on pillars, leaving space underneath for car and bicycle parking and pedestrian circulation

• Except for the entrance hall with janitor's box and elevators.
74
 TYPICAL TWO-LEVEL APARTMENTS
(Interlocking space, central access corridors)

1 – Main Corridor
2 – Entrance
3 – Kitchen
4 – Living Room And Lunchroom
SECTION 5 – Lunchroom
6 – Double Bedroom
7 – Single Bedroom
8 – Balcony
9 – Void
10 – Double Bedroom
11 – Living Room
12 – Built-in Wardrobe
13 – Bathroom
14 – Shower

Superior unit
PLAN Inferior unit
75
 PLANNING AND FACILITIES
• Apartments of 23 types, varying from bachelor
apartments to such for families with 8 children

• Each apartment contains two floors connected with an

interior stair case

• A large window of 3.66 x 4.80 m allows a full view of the

beautiful surrounding landscape

• Height of the modules restricted to 2.3 each floor -the

length of the Modulor Man standing with his one hand
raised

• The apartments, being distributed in pairs on three

floors, need only 5 corridors, called interior roads, one
on every third floor

• They run in the longitudinal axis of the building

Modular Man
76
 GYMNASIUM CAFETERIA

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND

CAFÉ & SUN TERRACE

CHILD CARE CENTRE

HEALTH CENTRE
PUB
COMMUNAL LAUNDRY

YOUTH CLUBS & WORKSHOP

INTERNAL THOROUGHFARE

ENTRANCE & PORTER’S LODGE

GARAGES

STANDARD TWO FLOOR FLAT

AMENITIES 77
BUILDING MATERIALS
This project offered the
The materials selected
are reinforced concrete 1 2 greatness of possibilities
using reinforced concrete
and glass (because of the as a natural material.
post-war steel shortage) Thick lead sheets for sound
with no ornaments proofing

The constructive principle Considered as the pioneer

adopted, the so-called of the Brutalist
“bottle rack”
4 3 architectural style.

78
BOTTLE RACK PRINCIPLE
• There is nothing that we could call a
proper skeleton

• But the system of "Bottles and Bottle-

rack“

• i.e. each apartment is an independent box

of pre-cast concrete having no contact
with its neighbors.

• Suspended with the independent concrete

frame

79
 STRUCTURE
Artificial Floor Pilotis

Artificial ground basically a Bases of the columns were

transfer structure ‘hinged’ to the pile caps, by
being supported in what were
serves no useful purpose other essentially ‘buckets of sand.’
than complying, dogmatically,
with Le Corbusier’s first point of Columns needed temporary
architecture support for stability until at
least four columns had been
Pilotis built, together with the linking
transverse and longitudinal
Columns were a beams
complicated u-shape in
section, with a tapering Unnecessarily time
shape on elevation, thus consuming expensive work
needing complex formwork
and reinforcement

Section
80
 VERTICAL CITY

Advantage Disadvantage
Greenery around the building limitation to the social life of the inhabitants;
Pilotis provide area under building in A resident will have little need and less inclination ever
ground floor as well to leave the building at all for days on end
81
 INTERIOR DESIGN Dining and Kitchen Living Room
• Private Appartment with an
interlocking system of
residential volume

• The units designed the

units to span from each
side having a duplex unit

• Required corridors reduced

to one every three floors

• Very low ceiling height of

2.26m is just too low for
today standards

• The modular was ignored Bedroom and living rm. Bedroom

for many of the interior
dimensions
82
LIGHTING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM
• Apartment units exceeding from the main body building apartments are covers the whole
floor

• Natural light and ventilation to be permeable in both sides and also surround the
apartments.

83
• Corbusier advocated with the idea
of fixed sunshades which were
made of concrete called as brise
soleils

• This is the intended situation at

noon in winter and summer. (fig a
and b) Brise Soleil

• In summer, the sun’s low-angled

rays are intense i.e. brise soleil is
applicable to south-facing façades.

• But the main elevations faces east

and west. Consequently catch the
hot morning and evening sun in
summer- the orientation of the
brise soleil is wrong (a)
(b)
Conceptual drawings of Brise Soleil working Mechanism 84
CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Corridors run through the centre

of the long axis of every third
floor of the building

The corridors on every third floor

allows access to each flat, like a
jigsaw, 3 emergency staircases
ADVANTAGE

Percentage of common
circulation decreased so
The apartments in the building more space for private
all have two floors with their own areas and common
internal staircase. facilities like shops,
restaurants etc.

Section showing circulation 85

CIRCULATION
DISADVANTAGE

Section

• No natural sunlight in internal corridor

• Energy Inefficient

• Dark(without artificial lights) and Impersonal

• No views to outside

• Can become crowded as single corridor for 3

levels (pandemic situations unsafe)

86
 Superior
CIRCULATION unit
DISADVANTAGE

Living
Room

Section Inferior
unit
Bedroom

Have to pass through

bedroom to reach living room

Plan
87
FIRE SAFETY
Escape Route

Corridor
• No effective fire separation
between the different areas
within the apartments

• Maximum escape route

(from a child’s bedroom) over
20 m - normally 9 m and 12 m

• No alternative means of escape

• The escape route ends by

passing through the kitchen, Plans and Sections
the source of most domestic
fires

View of Kitchen, Dining and Exit

88
 PUBLIC HEATH REGULATIONS VIOLATION

Kitchen, bathroom, WC and the

Kitchens and Dining
children’s bedrooms, the long access
rooms were nearly
corridors, were entirely dependent on
eight meters from a
mechanical ventilation
window

the minister to Le Corbusier

Floor to ceiling height ‘You are free of all restrictions and
of only 2.26 m was above the law…’ Confirmed in July
less than the legal 1949 when the ministry issued a
minimum waiver exempting the project from
the need for a building license

89
 01 02
Supposed to be a
Never fully clear prototype for housing
what type of people worldwide so should be
it was designed for fit for all

03
06 Who Not designed for the
As architects
should be careful to
is it ordinary
people/workers of
avoid built his time

for?
04
Instead for modern
05 individuals who were a
Similar to Le strange combination
Corbusier’s carefully of monk, artist, athlete,
cultivated self image worker and intellectual
90
Inferences
But attracted
Hardly global interest at
newsworthy type the time, and can
of construction be seen as one of
today the most influential
buildings of the
twentieth century

Has since been Inspired a new

the example for generation of
public housing architects to think
across the world differently about
social housing

91
 COMPARISON
S. TITLE VINAYAK COLONY MERO CITY ARANYA HOUSING UNITÉ
No. APARTMENT D'HABITATION

1. LOCATION Bhaisepati, Lalitpur. Mero city, Lalitpur. Indore, India. Marseille, France.
(NATIONAL) (NATIONAL) (REGIONAL) (INTERNATIONAL)

2. CLIMATE Sub-Tropical Climate. Sub-Tropical Climate. Tropical Savanna Hot-summer

Climate Mediterranean climate

3. TOPOGRAPHY Contour. Flat, By the riverside. Plain, By the highway. Flat.

4. AREA 11.69 acres. 1.88 acres 210 acres. 11.5 acres.

5. NUMBER OF 183 305 6500 337

UNITS Plots.

6. YEAR OF 2011 A.D 2013 A.D 1989 A.D 1952 A.D

COMPLETION

7. DEVELOPERS/ CE construction Pvt. Royal Orchid Developers Vastu-Shilpa Foundation Le Corbusier

DESIGNERS Ltd Pvt. Ltd (B.V. Doshi).
 COMPARISON
S. TITLE VINAYAK COLONY MERO CITY ARANYA UNITÉ
No. APARTMENT HOUSING D'HABITATION
8. PROJECT TYPE Mass housing. Affordable housing Low cost housing for Affordable multi-family
apartment. EWS and slums. housing.

9. RESIDENT TYPE High Class Middle and High Class. Low, Middle and High Low and middle Class.
Class. (War displaced)

10. CONCEPT Minimalist & modern. Affordable housing around Social and Vertical garden city.
Grid iron pattern. Kathmandu. experimental housing
Tower zone planning. designed to adapt to
residents.

11. MATERIALS RCC, Brick, Aluminum, RCC, Brick, Tile, Marble, Concrete, Steel, Pre-cast concrete,
Tiles, Aluminum, POP Bricks, Metals Glass, RCC, Steel

12. SUSTAINABILITY More or less green Rain water harvesting,. Locally available Greeneries around the
APPROACH spaces seen in each Sewage treatment plant materials-brick, site and under the
unit, solar water heater stones and cements. pilotis area in ground
 COMPARISON
S. TITLE VINAYAK COLONY MERO CITY ARANYA UNITÉ
No. APARTMENT HOUSING D'HABITATION

13. AMENITIES Gym, Basketball court, Temple, Swimming poll, Commercial centre, Shop, Café, Educational
Community halls, Basketball court, school, health centre, & Youth club, Gallery,
Swimming pool, Child Amphitheater, Child play- public squares, Hotel, Pub, Gym, Child
playground, Park, ground, Gym, ATM, playgrounds care, Health & fitness
Temple, Shop center

14. ASPECTS – Security, proper Affordable, Nearby major Affordable, Climate Influential building,
POSITIVE planning, fire hose in city facilities, Hydrant fire responsive design, Pioneered brutalist
every house. fighting systems. Self contained architecture,
neighborhood.

15. ASPECTS - Lack of parking & Two elevators not enough Model template failed Limitation of social life,
NEGATIVE adequate open space, for single tower, to inspire the Low ceiling height, lack
sloping entrance & Lack of finishing, No inhabitants, objective of lighting & fire safety,
road, not suitable for proper entrance, Lack of design approach, Circulation
joint family. socially interactive spaces, Lack of mechanism disadvantage, Public
amenities & open spaces. for sustenance. heath regulations
violation.
 CONCLUSION

• These case studies helped us understand the

different design and planning approach as per
the need, theme, site context and target
groups.

• Inclusion of socio-cultural aspects and

sustainable approach.

• Following the by-laws, policies, acts and

regulation set by the government.

• Architecturally and structurally sound with

pleasing view of not only site but the area/city.

• Also, human component linking physical

development with socio cultural as well as
economic activities.
95
SOURCES
•Revisit: Aranya low-cost housing, Indore, Balkrishna Doshi - Architectural
Review (architectural-review.com)
•A--D -- Aranya Housing Project (architectureindevelopment.org)
•Aranya Low-cost Housing by BV Doshi – archEstudy
•Aranya Community Housing - AKDN (the.akdn)
•Unité d’Habitation by Le Corbusier - A Closer Look (artincontext.org)
•A-critical-appraisal-of-the-design-construction-and-influence-of-the-Unite-
dHabitation-Marseilles-France.pdf (researchgate.net)
•Unité d'habitation – Wikipedia
•Case Study_ Unite d’Habitation – İremSümer- TEDUArch (wordpress.com)
•Unité d’habitation - Le Corbusier - World Heritage
•Unite'd habitation, Le corbusier. (slideshare.net)
•Views on Le Corbusier's Unite d’Habitation - Architectural Review (architectural-
review.com)

96
THANK YOU