Faculty of Business & Economic Sciences

Managing tomorrow

Study Guide 2025

Department of Management Practice

2nd Avenue and George Campuses

Introduction to Management 1 / Management Principles and Practices

BMM1001/BBM1121

Date of Implementation : February 2013

Revision : January 2025

Compiled by : Mrs C. Bezuidenhout

Faculty of Business & Economic Sciences

Managing tomorrow
VALUES ESPOUSED IN THE DEPARTMENT: MANAGEMENT PRACTICE

Staff and students affiliated to the Department Management Practice at the NMU pledge to be
guided in their actions and behaviours by the following Six Core Values:

Respect for Diversity - means understanding that each person is unique, recognising
peoples differences and understanding people, embracing and celebrating the rich
dimensions of diversity in NMU.

Ubuntu - means respecting fellow human beings, treat them fairly, disagree honestly,
enjoy their fellowship and work together for a common goal and help each other
achieve it. We commit ourselves to the tenets of ubuntu by recognising that “we are,
because others are”. We therefore treat one another with dignity and respect, and do
not entertain harassment, discrimination or incivility of any sort. We will interact with
our fellow students and with our staff in a timely, professional and responsible manner.
We expect the same supportive conduct from staff in their relations with students and
colleagues, both in the classroom and in any other area of interaction.

Excellence - means an individual's highest level of quality and his will to win, his
personal excellence. We commit ourselves to excellence in our academic work by
fulfilling and exceeding course requirements. We will make the time commitment
necessary to prepare properly, make meaningful contributions and participate in group
and class activities with thoroughness and dedication. We will be on time for all classes
and formal activities, and will turn all work in on time. We realise that the programmes
involve teamwork and accept the responsibilities associated with team membership.
We recognise that we are quantitatively judged by grades and minimum requirements.
We commit ourselves to consistently demonstrate excellence throughout our
academic studies, and to take the personal initiative to show comprehensive
development by graduation.

Environmental stewardship - means being more environmentally conscious in and

around our beautiful campus for the sake of our own health and enjoyment. We commit
ourselves to contributing to the sustainable economic, social and environmental
creation of value through our business and professional activities.

Integrity - means doing the right thing, even if nobody is watching, having courage to
say no and courage to face the truth. We commit ourselves to academic integrity in
all our work, respecting the specific policies of the NMU and the broad concept of
academic honesty. Our work, whether done individually or through group activities, will
be accomplished through honest means. We therefore will not partake in plagiarism,

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wilful misrepresentation of sources, and unethical assistance or input from unapproved
parties. We will not rob ourselves, or past, present and future graduates of the honour
and integrity that we all subscribe to. We support students and staff who fulfil their duty
by alerting the department and the School as well as the faculty to incidences of
academic dishonesty.

Social justice and equality - means being dedicated to the realisation of a socially
just, democratic society that promotes equality for all irrespective of race, gender, sex,
pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, sexual orientation, age, physical and
learning abilities, national origins, religion, conscience, belief, culture and language.
By cultivate living, learning and work environments that enable students and staff to
realise their full potential, without fear of discrimination or harassment. And by
developing our graduates as globally competent citizens who generate, apply and
transfer knowledge to contribute actively to advancing social justice, inclusion and
equality.

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 DIPLOMA: MANAGEMENT

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION

This qualification is intended for persons who can function mainly as tactical
(functional) managers in any enterprise. The qualifying learner will be competent in
applying selected management principles and techniques in supporting and
implementing strategies, policies and procedures and will be able to deal effectively
with contemporary issues on a tactical (functional) level.

EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES

On completion of the learning programme students will have acquired the necessary
skills and competencies to demonstrate the Exit Level Learning Outcomes (ELOs) as
outlined below:

a) Manage resources for the effective and efficient achievements of enterprise

goals.
b) Manage the process of transforming inputs into outputs.
c) Manage and develop people to contribute constructively to the achievement of
goals of the enterprise.
d) Initiate and manage change to support growth and survival in a dynamic
environment.
e) Manage social issues within the enterprise.
f) Manage legal requirements within the enterprise.
g) Train and supervise culturally diverse administrative staff.
h) Apply the principles of marketing within the enterprise.
i) Manage human resources within the enterprise.
j) Manage purchasing within the enterprise.
k) Manage production within the enterprise.
l) Ensure organisational effectiveness within the enterprise.
m) Develop a holistic overview and understanding of the establishment and
functioning of an enterprise.
n) Apply basic quantitative techniques for decision-making.
o) Apply basic principles of business communication within the workplace.
p) Know the basic principles of industrial relations.

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 Table of Contents

Faculty of Business & Economic Sciences ................................................................. 1

VALUES ESPOUSED IN THE DEPARTMENT: MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ............ 2
PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION .......................................... 4
EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES .......................................................................................... 4

SECTION 1................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 6
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE MODULE .......................................................................... 6
1.3 MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES ................................................................. 6
1.4 CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES ........................................................... 7
1.5 LECTURER CONTACT DETAILS AND CONSULTATION TIMES ................... 8
1.6 LINE OF REPORTING ..................................................................................... 9
1.7 LEARNING & TEACHING PHILOSOPHY ...................................................... 10
1.8 MODULE METHODOLOGY AND PRESCRIBED MATERIALS ..................... 10
1.9 ACADEMIC JOURNALS ................................................................................. 11
1.10 ASSESSMENTS AND GRADING.................................................................. 11
1.11 TEACHING STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 12
1.12 STUDENT EXPECTED BEHAVIOUR ......................................................... 13
1.13 READMISSION CRITERIA .......................................................................... 13
1.14 GENERAL INFORMATION ......................................................................... 14

SECTION 2............................................................................................................... 16
UNITS OF LEARNING ............................................................................................. 16
2.1 STUDY UNIT 1 ................................................................................................ 17
2.2 STUDY UNIT 2 ................................................................................................ 17
2.3 STUDY UNIT 3 ................................................................................................ 18
2.4 STUDY UNIT 4 ................................................................................................ 18
2.5 STUDY UNIT 5 ................................................................................................ 19
2.6 STUDY UNIT 6 ................................................................................................ 20
2.7 STUDY UNIT 7 ................................................................................................ 21

SECTION 3............................................................................................................... 22
3.1 INFORMATION ON PLAGIARISM ................................................................. 22

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 23

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 SECTION 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to Introduction to Management 1. This module forms an integral part of the

study of Management and includes many of the activities routinely carried out by, and
issues impacting on the effectiveness of line managers as well as entrepreneurs. The
major objective of this course is to provide you with an overview of entrepreneurship
and the course covers a comprehensive set of aspects and entrepreneurial dilemmas
that should be considered when starting a new business venture. The entrepreneurial
and business environments are both dynamic and ever-changing. Hence the
entrepreneur should be kept abreast with various new developments that happen in
both the internal and external business environments. This module will also update you
with the latest changes in legislation, trends and contemporary issues that
entrepreneurs face. This will enable you, as an entrepreneur, to make well-informed
and rational decisions based on the business implications within the current South
African context.

This study guide will assist you in preparing for lectures and assessments. Important
information regarding this module, such as the purpose of the module, units of learning
dealt with in the module, your lecturer’s contact details, prescribed materials, useful
academic journals that can be consulted in the field of business management will be
provided. The criteria for assessments are also provided and to enable you plan your
studying effectively for this module, a course programme is also provided in this study
guide.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE MODULE

This module will prepare learners to understand the intricacies and complex interfaces
that exist in the theory, practice and principles of Management, with specific reference
to the establishment of a business.

1.3 MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this module students will be able to:

• understand the basis of establishing a small business. That its strength as a sub-
discipline lies in the fact that it is analytical and deals with concepts such as idea
generation; cost and productivity; forms of registration of business; franchise
choice; social entrepreneurship; as well as business plan formulation.
• be more informed regarding what needs to be done in order to ensure future
success of the business.

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1.4 CRITICAL CROSS-FIELD OUTCOMES

In addition to the specific module learning outcomes, students are expected to exhibit
the following graduate attributes:

• Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information.

• Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical language, and/or IT skills
in the modes of oral and/or written persuasion.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by
recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation.
• Identify and solve problems in which responses display that decisions using
critical and creative thinking have been made.
• Work effectively as a member of a team, group, organisation, or community.

With regard to each study unit, you should be able to:

a) understand and state the essential content by naming and/or explaining the
relevant content (where possible with the aid of diagrammatic representations);
b) identify the meaning reflected in the content by indicating the most acceptable or
correct possibility from various given alternatives (for example by answering
multiple-choice statements and identifying the meaning of key terms);
c) demonstrate the capability of establishing direct relationships, for example
between theory and practice, inter alia, by completing worksheets and finding
solutions to practical problems, answering direct questions on case particulars; and
d) generate solutions for any relevant extensive problems, inter alia, by gathering new
information, completing work assignments, analysing case studies or performing
critical analyses.

The activities indicated for each study unit are intended to cover the above outcomes.
Note that the bold-typed verbs, i.e., so-called capability verbs, reflect a hierarchy in the
learning process. Therefore, stating essential content represents the most basic or
most simple required performance and generating solutions to the most advanced or
most complex performance (See also Table 1).

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TABLE 1: OUTCOME (CAPABILITY AND ACTION) VERBS AND MEANING
Capability Action Meaning
Understand Define Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by
Describe organising, comparing, translating, interpreting,
Explain giving descriptions and stating main ideas or
List important facts.
Name
Differentiate Differentiate This is the simplest form of intellectual skill
Distinguish requirement that demands insight and practice.
Identify
Identify Indicate This is a somewhat more advanced intellectual
Motivate skill that requires recognition and identification of
Select facts or concepts. Knowledge is required both of
the item to be identified and the other items from
which a choice has to be made, e.g., “To identify
the tasks of managers.” Requires insight and
practice.
Analyse Contrast A somewhat more advanced intellectual skill that
Categorise intends to examine and break information into
Examine parts by identifying motives or causes. This
Motivate includes making inferences (conclusions) and
finding evidence to support generalisation.
Evaluate Appraise This deals with presenting and defending
Compare opinions by making judgments about information,
Criticise validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set
Interpret of criteria. This requires insights and practice.
Determine
Generate Design The most advanced form of intellectual skill. It is
Formulate a form of higher-order-rule-application. It involves
Compose compiling information together in a different way
Compile by combining elements in a new pattern or
Build proposing alternative solution. Certain principles
Construct or procedures are known but new data is such
Develop that problem solution is necessary.

Adapted from Quick Flip Questions for the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy

1.5 LECTURER CONTACT DETAILS AND CONSULTATION TIMES

2nd Avenue Campus Full-time and Part-time Lecturer

Ms Vuyolwethu Nyati
Academic administration block,
2nd Floor, Room 241, 2nd Avenue Campus.
Tel: (041) 504 3783
Email: vuyolwethu.nyati@mandela.ac.za

Consultation by appointment only.

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George Campus Lecturer

Ms Nomatamsanqa Maliwa
Admin Building
Room 0149
Tel: (044) 801 5587
Email: nomatamsanqa.maliwa@mandela.ac.za

Consultation by appointment only.

Should you require any assistance or additional information, please speak to your
lecturer. Make sure you know the name of your lecturer for the module(s) in question.

Students are also reminded to consult the BMM1001/1011/BBM1121 Funda (Moodle)

sites on a regular basis as module information is continuously uploaded.

You have to attend two double lectures per week. Since this cohort of students are
studying different qualifications, they will be split into three groups. Group 1 consists
of Diploma in Management students only. Group 2 comprises of Diploma in
Logistics and Diploma in Tourism students. Group 3 consists of Diploma in
Marketing and Diploma in Economics students. The timetable for each group is:

• Group 1 – Thursdays – 14:25 to 15:35 – 411 02 03 (venue)

• Group 1 – Fridays – 09:05 to 10:15 – 425 00 03 (Oval venue)

• Group 2 – Mondays – 10:25 to 11:35 – 409 00 05 (Auditorium venue)

• Group 2 - Tuesdays – 11:45 to 12:55 – 411 02 07 (venue)

• Group 3 – Mondays – 09:05 to 10:15 – 409 00 05 (Auditorium venue)

• Group 3 – Tuesdays – 14:25 to 15:35 – 411 01 04 (venue)

The timetable for Part-time students is:

• Mondays – 17:05 to 20:00 – 411 02 14 (venue)

1.6 LINE OF REPORTING

Students are to please take note of the protocols pertaining to the line of reporting
incidents and concerns –

• Should you wish to query or report an incident pertaining to your module,

please ensure that you contact your LECTURER as the first port of call.
• Should your lecturer be unable to assist you or fail to respond to your
query/concern, then you should contact your HOD.

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 • Should your HOD be unable to assist you or fail to respond to your
query/concern, then you should contact your Director of School.
• Contacting the deputy dean or dean should only be regarded as a last resort.
• Please ensure a 24 hour period for a response to your query/concern.

1.7 LEARNING & TEACHING PHILOSOPHY

CARING AND HUMANISING EDUCATION WITH PURPOSE -

To develop purposeful and meaningful educational experiences through a caring

teaching practice, thus producing innovative leaders as well as students who approach
their learning with motivation and confidence to succeed.

This will be achieved by -

• creating an environment where valuable knowledge can be shared,
• instilling life-long learning in an ethical, collaborative and caring environment,
• utilising discussion, debate, case studies and group work to unpack relevant
content and develop proficient business skills and competent professionals,
• encouraging students to be critical and curious, to be accountable with
impeccable, professional work ethic, to take ownership of their own learning,
and
• preparing students to apply what they have learned to their career and life
situations.

1.8 MODULE METHODOLOGY AND PRESCRIBED MATERIALS

The Introduction to Management 1 course is presented as a Semester module at 2nd

Avenue and George campuses. An overall learning outcome is stated in this module.
The module consists of several study units, each with specific learning outcomes. This
module will be face-to-face lectures. Please consult the module roster for more
information pertaining to lectures.

CREDITS AND NQF LEVEL

The credits and NQF level for this module are as follows:
Credits: 12
NQF level: 6
Notional hours: 120 (12 X 10)

Module codes: BMM1001/BBM1121

Title: Introduction to Management

Study unit Title of study unit

1 An overview of entrepreneurship
2 Creativity and generating new business ideas
3 Opportunity recognition and evaluation

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 4 The business plan
5 Business start-up
6 Business ethics and social responsibility
7 Managing human resources

The particulars of the prescribed textbook are:

Van Aardt, I., Bezuidenhout, S., Bendeman, H., Clarence, W., Sifolo, P. & Swanepoel,
E. 2023. Entrepreneurship & New venture management. 7th edition. Cape Town:
Oxford University Press.

ISBN no.: 978 0 19073839 6

1.9 ACADEMIC JOURNALS

To further your knowledge and understanding of business management, the following

journals are recommended for reading.

• African Journal of Business Management

• Asian Journal of Business Management
• Entrepreneurship Research Journal
• International Journal of Business and Management
• Journal of Business Ethics
• Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development
• Leadership & Organisation Development Journal
• South African Journal of Business Management
• International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research

1.10 ASSESSMENTS AND GRADING

The following important information is highlighted:

Two semester tests will be written for this module. Both semester tests are
compulsory for all students.

Every student must complete a group assignment. The assignment is compulsory

(groups of five members). Students at George campus will have to consult with their
lecturer as numbers differ from one campus to another. Students who fail to submit an
assignment will not be permitted to write the examination. Students will write
examinations in June. The exam will be a closed book, written assessment of three
hours duration.

The weighting for evaluations is as follows:

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Calculating the class mark

Semester test 1 33.33%

Semester test 2 33.33%
Group assignment 33.33%

CLASS MARK 100%

Class mark 40%

Exam mark 60%
FINAL MARK 100%

The following rules are applicable in cases where a student fails to write an
assessment:
• If valid documentation is submitted by the due date (within three working days
of missing the test), that is, medical certificate/organised sport
letterhead/religious objection:

➢ Consideration will be given to writing a ‘sick test/special test’ under

exceptional circumstances only;
➢ No other ‘special tests’ are written – no exceptions.

• If no medical certificate/organised sport/religious body’s letterhead is submitted,

or the sick test is not written:
➢ Get ‘0’ for the missed test.
➢ A second sick test WILL NOT be arranged.

Kindly note that the requirement of having a minimum class mark of 40% is no
longer a requirement to write the Final Examination. All students registered for
the module will thus be allowed to write the Final Examination for the module, if
a class mark is obtained. To pass the module, a final mark of 50% is required. A
final mark of at least 45% must be obtained to qualify for a re-examination.
Students need to ensure they obtain a subminimum mark of 40% for the exam.
This means that if a student writes the exam and gets less than 40%, they will
not pass the module regardless of the final mark.

1.11 TEACHING STRATEGIES

The following strategies will/could be used during the course for this semester.

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 • In-class and online teaching and learning
• Case studies
• Assignments

Funda (Moodle) training is essential, and students must access

http://getdigiready.mandela.ac.za/ for the actual training.

1.12 STUDENT EXPECTED BEHAVIOUR

It is mandatory for students to acquaint themselves with the university’s General Rules
that can be found in the General Prospectus of the NMU (rule G1.5.4). Students
registered as full-time or part-time for their respective qualification or programme shall
attend classes which may be scheduled during day or evening periods as published
on the official lecture timetable. Satisfactory attendance of a minimum of 80% of
normal lectures is required for this module. A student may be excluded from an
assessment or examination in a Module based on unsatisfactory attendance.

Students are expected to abide by the following NMU values:

• Respect for diversity
• Ubuntu
• Excellence
• Environmental stewardship
• Integrity
• Social justice and equality

1.13 READMISSION CRITERIA

Minimum Requirements for Readmission for Full-time Students

Outcome: 3-year programme (360+ credits)

Period of Continue Conditional re-
Registration No re-admission
studies admission
After 1 year 72+ credits Less than 72 credits N/A
After 2 years 144+ credits 80 – 143 credits Less than 80 credits
After 3 years 216+ credits 150 – 215 credits Less than 150 credits
After 4 years 288+ credits 240 – 287 credits Less than 240 credits
Less than 360 credits, unless
After 5 years
special circumstances exist

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 Outcome: 3-year programme (360+ credits)
Period of Continue Conditional re-
Registration studies No re-admission
admission
After 6 years N/A

Minimum Requirements for Readmission for Part-time Students

Outcome: 3-year programme (360+ credits)

Period of
Registration Continue Conditional re-
No re-admission
studies admission
After 1 year 50+credits Less than 50 credits N/A
After 2 year 100+ credits 60 - 99 credits Less than 60 credits
After 3 years 150+ credits 110 – 149 credits Less than 110 credits
After 4 years 200+ credits 160 – 199 credits Less than 160 credits
After 5 years 250+ credits 220 – 249 credits Less than 220 credits
After 6 years 300+ credits 270 – 299 credits Less than 270 credits
Less than 360 credits, unless
After 7 years
special circumstances exist
Outcome: 4-year programme (480+ credits)
Period of
Registration Continue Conditional re- No re-admission
studies admission
After 1 year 60+ credits Less than 60 credits N/A
After 2 year 120+ credits 60 - 119 credits Less than 60 credits
After 3 years 180+ credits 125 - 179 credits Less than 125 credits
After 4 years 240+ credits 190 - 239 credits Less than 190 credits
After 5 years 300+ credits 255 – 299 credits Less than 255 credits
After 6 years 360+ credits 320 – 359 credits Less than 320 credits
After 7 years 420+ credits 385 - 419 credits Less than 385 credits
Less than 480 credits, unless
After 8 years
special circumstances exist

1.14 GENERAL INFORMATION

Listed below are the contact details of the Head of Department of Management
Practice and essential service departments at the NMU.

Name & Role E-mail

Surname
Dr Paul Tai- Lecturer (and HOD) paul.tai-hing@mandela.ac.za
Hing
Ms Shirley Departmental shirley.ngcosini@mandela.ac.za

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Ngcosini Secretary
Ms Mandisa Faculty Administrator mandisa.mazinyo@mandela.ac.za
Mazinyo Registration
Module
additions/changes

Student Academic record, studentrecords@mandela.ac.za

Records graduation certificate;
letter of completion
(only after marks are
formally published),
change of personal
details
Student Copy of statement; StudentAccounts@mandela.ac.za
Accounts Statement inquiries
Financial Aid Funding issues, FinancialAid@mandela.ac.za
concessions

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 SECTION 2

UNITS OF LEARNING

Study unit Title of study unit

1 An overview of entrepreneurship

2 Creativity and generating new business ideas

3 Opportunity recognition and evaluation

4 The business plan

5 Business start-up

6 Business ethics and social responsibility

7 Managing human resources

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 2.1 STUDY UNIT 1

AN OVERVIEW OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 1

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:
1 Define entrepreneurship
2 Differentiate between innovation and entrepreneurship
3 Discuss the origins and importance of entrepreneurship
4 Differentiate between the different types of entrepreneurs
5 Explain the importance of entrepreneurship in the South African economy
6 the entrepreneurial process
7 Explain the current and future trends affecting entrepreneurial mindset
8 Discuss entrepreneurial opportunities and challenges
9 Outline the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs

2.2 STUDY UNIT 2

CREATIVITY AND GENERATING NEW BUSINESS IDEAS

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 2

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:

1 Describe creativity and how it reveals itself in individuals

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2 Understand the myths surrounding creativity, as well as the reality about these
myths
3 Identify the barriers to creativity and how they can be overcome
4 Understand the creative process and its development, and describe the
entrepreneurial creative process
5 Identify and make use of resources for identifying a new product or service idea
6 Understand the need to screen business ideas and opportunities

2.3 STUDY UNIT 3

OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION AND EVALUATION

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:

1 Understand the foundations for opportunity evaluation

2 Explain the role of cognitive biases and heuristics in opportunity evaluation
3 Understand the different criteria used by venture capitalists to evaluate new
venture proposals
4 Identify the characteristics of successful products and services
5 Determine how new ideas can be analysed to filter out those that are obviously
not feasible or marketable
6 Assess the viability of product and service ideas
7 Develop and implement a screening guide for establishing which product or
service ideas to pursue

2.4 STUDY UNIT 4

THE BUSINESS PLAN

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 13

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:

1 Explain what a business plan entails

2 Identify the various aspects dealt with in a business plan

3 Determine the differences and similarities between a business plan and a

strategic plan

4 Formulate a business plan

5 Understand how a business plan is implemented

6 Identify the criteria for an effective business plan and its successful
implementation

7 Identify the pitfalls in formulating and implementing a business plan

2.5 STUDY UNIT 5

BUSINESS START-UP

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 5

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:

1 Discuss the different aspects to be considered when starting a business

2 Discuss the aspects to consider while planning a new venture
3 Describe the steps you can follow when refining your idea
4 Identify the questions you should ask when doing market research for your new
venture
5 Differentiate between the different business structures available for establishing
a start-up business
6 Describe the factors that will influence the entrepreneur when choosing a type of
ownership
7 Discuss franchising as an option to start a new business

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8 Explain the process involved in moving a franchise internationally
9 Differentiate between the advantages and disadvantages of franchising
10 Elaborate on the different location factors an entrepreneur should consider when
choosing a location for the business
11 Identify the different resources a start-up business should consider and
elaborate on each
12 Explain the different sources of finance
13 Explain the legal aspects that should be considered during business start-up
business
14 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of business start-ups
15 Explain corporate entrepreneurship and the four models of corporate
entrepreneurship

2.6 STUDY UNIT 6

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 6

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:
1 Define the term ‘ethics’ and ‘business ethics’
2 List ethical issues with which a business may be confronted
3 Distinguish between strategic, work and ethical values
4 Discuss the impact of entrepreneurs’ personal ethics on the venture
5 Understand the importance of managing ethical risks
6 Identify and discuss ethical dilemmas that arise in the course of operating a
venture
7 Understand the function and importance of a code of ethics
8 Discuss the creation of an ethical culture in an organisation
9 Define social responsibility
10 Discuss the different approaches to social responsibility as well as the areas of
social responsibility and how the entrepreneur could address each one

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 2.7 STUDY UNIT 7

MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES

SOURCE:

• Van Aardt et al., (2023) Chapter 10

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After you have studied this study unit, you should be able to:

1 Define human resources (HR) and human resource management (HRM)

2 Differentiate between the HRM practices in an entrepreneurial, small or new
business versus the HRM practices in a general organisation
3 Understand the difference between the knowledge worker and the global pool
4 Understand the need to develop managerial and professional employees
5 Understand the role of culture, diversity, and change in the working environment
6 Differentiate between job analysis, job description and job specification
7 Describe the recruitment and selection process
8 Conduct a performance appraisal for your employee using the balance
scorecard
9 Explain outsourcing and contracting of HR functions
10 Identify changes and developments in HRM

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 SECTION 3

3.1 INFORMATION ON PLAGIARISM

It is extremely important that you understand the importance of avoiding plagiarism in

any of the work submitted in fulfilment of your course requirements. Disciplinary action
will be taken against any student who plagiarises the work of another.

The following extract on plagiarism is taken directly from the official NMU Copyright
services website from an article entitled Copyright and Plagiarism: Short guide for
students. Students must familiarise themselves with this document:

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

Plagiarism is similar to copyright infringement in that one is unlawfully using the work of
another person. Plagiarism occurs when an individual uses the words or ideas of another
person as if it were his/her own and without giving acknowledgement of the actual
source. Even if the source is mentioned it must be made clear when the work is being
quoted and what your own contribution is. The work that was plagiarised does not even need
to be a copyright protected work to amount to plagiarism.

R. D. Mawdsley, in an article Academic Misconduct: Cheating and Plagiarism, 1994

(Topeka: NOLPE) defined plagiarism as follows: “Plagiarism: This consists of offering as
one’s own work the words, ideas or arguments of another person, without appropriate
attribution by quotation, reference or footnote. Plagiarism occurs both when the words of
another are reproduced without acknowledgement, and when the ideas or arguments of
another are paraphrased in such a way as to lead the reader to believe that they originated
with the writer.”

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REFERENCES

Quick Flip Questions for the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy.

Van Aardt, I., Bezuidenhout, S., Bendeman, H., Booysen, K., Clarence, W., Massyn,
C., Moos, Naidoo, P., Swanepoel, E. & Van Aardt, C. 2023. Entrepreneurship &
new venture management. 7th edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

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