STS 101

“DAWN OF CIVILIZATION”  in this age, the temperature of the

world was very cold (snowy), so
Primates access to food was hard
 any placental mammal of the order  they were hunters and their only
Primates, typically having flexible source of food were big
hands and feet with opposable first animals
digits, good eyesight, and, in the  the cluster of small communities
higher apes, a highly developed brain of people were gardeners who
 includes Human Primates collected fruits and plants
 Cave Arts
4 Types of Human Primates: – was prominent during this age
1. Homo Habilis (2.31 MYA – 1.65 MYA) – it is one of the artifacts being
 are the “tool makers” studied by our archaeologists
 are the first species to use the stone – shows the way of living of
as tools people in this age
2. Homo Erectus (1.89 MYA – 110,000
YA)  Mesolithic Age
 are the “fire makers”  also called the “Middle Stone
 they are the species that walk Age”
upright  started 10000 BCE – 8000 BCE
3. Homo Neanderthalensis (130,000  is characterized by the making of
YA – 40,000k YA) smaller and sharper stone
 are the closest species to the homo tools
sapiens  Microliths
4. Homo Sapiens (160,000YA – – the smaller and sharper stone
Present) tools
 are the modern people – serves as arrow heads,
 have bigger skulls leading to a daggers, and knives
bigger brain – helps the people do harder
 they are the smartest in all the tasks like sewing clothes and
human primates catching fish
– the skin of animals are used as
Prehistoric Times (2.5 MYA – 1200 BCE) clothing
 is said that there is no written history – they took care of dogs who in
but there is evidence of life from the turn helped them in their
early ages everyday tasks
 Artifacts – although the don’t live in caves,
 the evidence which points out the they are still gardeners and
existence of life before hunters who don’t know
 B.C.E. agriculture
 Before the Common Era – they change homes in search
 Prehistoric Time Periods: for a source of food, especially
a. Stone Age places near water
 Paleolithic Age – they had a Nomadic Life
 is also called the “Old Stone – since “civilization” is still not
Age” formal, they live as small
 started 2.5 MYA – 10000 BCE groups or clans from a family
 the people of this age lived in or a group of family only
caves
 they made and used simple  Neolithic Age
stone tools made from  also known as “New Stone Age”
cobblestones  lasted from 8000 BCE to 3000
 they also used bones for tools BCE
 STS 101
 during this period, the people step  the leading industries are:
foot into agriculture like taking Hunting, Agriculture, and
care of crops and animals Fishing
 because of agriculture, what came  the people starts to buy and sell
next was the discovery of copper tools and weapons
science and technology and the
society started to flourish  Bronze Age
 these practices can be seen in the  lasted from 2000 BCE – 1200
old Egyptian Civilization BCE
 the stone tools were upgraded by  it is said that the first who
polishing stone tools by discovered and used bronze are
Abrasive Stones the Sumerians found in the
 because of the steady source of Tigris-Euphrates Valley in
food brought upon by agriculture, Eastern Asia
people lived permanently in  bronze was accidentally
places they call “Permanent discovered by making campfire
Settlements”, and this is the  is made through mixing alloy,
start of a formal civilization copper, and tin
 Artifacts of the Neolithic Culture:  is found to be better than
 Pottery Making copper so a new type of skills and
 Terracotta – sculptures made out jobs is found:
of mud  Smelters
 Statuettes – made as a part of  Brick Making – making houses
rituals  Weavers
 Wall Paintings – makes cloth that is then used to
 Pictograms – used as make clothes
communication devices  House Building
 Stonehenge – includes carpenters who make
functional houses
b. Metal Age
 Copper Age  Iron Age
 also known as the “Chalcolithic  lasted from 1200 BCE – 550 BCE
Age”  is discovered by the people of
 lasted from 3500 BCE – 2300 Southern Europe
BCE  is said to be very brittle, if the
 the first period of the metal age carbon from coal is added, a
 is said to be the copper age very strong metal will be made
because people started to called Steel
discover the usage of metal,  the Egyptians acquired the iron
most especially copper technology during 750 BCE
 is said to have started in the  the archaeologists discovered that
Eastern Mediterranean Region the Indian civilization has an
 the copper material allowed the industrial scale or a big making
production of tools better than of steel
stone  because of the steel of the
 the technology is specialized and advancement, complex
new infrastructures were made just
 the copper tools allowed better like buildings, castles, bridges,
and faster progress and aqueducts
 usually the pottery during this
age has art in mostly red and
black colors “DAWN OF CIVILZATION”

Greco-Roman Civilization
 STS 101
 a mix of Greek and Roman culture in
the 8th and 6th Centuries Visigoths
 is also known as the “Classical Era”  the early Germanic tribe
 during this era, the people promote  their children were made into slaves
human flourishing (capability in arts, by the Romans in exchange for food
philosophy, mathematics, and (dog meat)
engineering)  the oppression of the Romans to the
 continued until the rise of the Goths rose into a revolt within the
Western Roman Empire Roman Boarders

Western Roman Empire The Spread of Christianity

 is seated on the now-called City of  causes the decline of the power of the
Milan Western Empire
 Latin-speaking civilization
 came into its end which is known as Roman Catholic
“The Fall of Rome”  became the state religion in 390 ACE
 the constant wars led to the  eroded or hampered the Roman
overspending of the empire and this traditions and values system
was compensated by over taxation including the divine status of the
 to avoided paying taxes, the wealthy emperor
Romans fled to the countryside
 fewer slaves from battles led to fewer Church Leaders
production of commercial and products  influenced the military, economic, and
produced to run the economy administrative affairs of the state
 corruption of the western roman
leaders and inconsistent policies Goths
only magnified the existing problems  were barbarians hired by the
emperors in place of their soldiers as
Roman Emperor Constantinople the Roman state is unable to recruit
 he expanded the Roman Empire in soldiers from its citizenry
330 A.C.E in the Eastern province  had little to no loyalty to the empire
 they brought down the Western
Factors that Attributed to The Fall of Rome: Empire while serving to their legions
 Economic Collapse
 Rise of the Eastern Empire Rome
 Corruption  its fall caused the central
 Invasion of the Huns government to collapse
 Rise of the Christians  Europe is left with no leader to govern
 Weakening of the Legion  with no central government, chaos
spread over
Eastern Empire
 is later called the Byzantine Empire The Dark Ages
 is Greek-speaking  is also called the Middle Age between
 became powerful that their enemies the 5th and 14th Centuries
can’t attack them, but the attack was  the chaos or disorder spread over
diverted to the Western Roman caused by the fall of Rome and having
Empire no central government
 Landlords
Huns  are what became of the noble and
 are a mix of East Asians and West wealthy families
Eurasian origins  they govern tenants and sometimes
 they drove the Visigoths into the have an army of their own
boarders of the Western Roman
Empire
 STS 101
 provide the land and protection for  is a word derived from the word
its people and the people provide “Clergy”
their service and loyalty
Joan of Arc
Francesco Petrarca  is a patron saint of France
 is an Italian who coined the term  is honored of the defender of the
“The Dark Ages” French Nation during the 100 years
 he describes the Dark Ages as absence of war
of scientific and cultural
advancements DOTA (Defense of the Ancients)
 an online game based on the
Feudalism Medieval Period
 is a social and political system
wherein the landlord provides land and Marco Polo
protection for its people in exchange  is a Venetian merchant who made
for service and loyalty literary works in his adventure
travel to Asia, journeying the Silk
Feudal Lords Road
 “landlords”  his literary diary sparks the interest of
 some became king and their land is many explorers and traders
their kingdom  his diary causes many merchants to
travel the Ancient Silk Road route,
Castles bringing different products like pests
 are where the kings live (fleas and rats) that carries the
 are buildings during the Medieval Yersinia Pestis
Period designed to withstand against
attacks with thick walls, Silk Road
battlements, and towers  is an ancient trade route that linked
Europe, Middle East, and Asia
Landlord Clovis
 became a king and united the tribes Yersinia Pestis
of the Roman Province of Gaul called  causes the bubonic plague
the Franks
Bubonic Plague
Charlemagne  hit China, India, Persia, Syria, and
 is crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Egypt
hailed as the Father of the French  it arrived in Europe in 1347
and Germanic monarchists  its infection attacks the Lymphatic
System, causing swelling of the
Richard Lionheart lymph nodes
 became the King of England  the swell appears as boils or black
boils
Medieval Period  the person’s tissue blackens due to
 the time Catholic monasteries were gangrenes, thus the name “Black
built Death”
 is the time of the famous Joan of Arc  just by touching an infected person
 is the time of Marco Polo even just their clothing, you will be
killed overnight
Clergy  killed around 30-60% of the
 monks working in monasteries Europeans at that time
 its spread of the plague was controlled
Clerks by implementing isolation
 they do clerical work
Quarenta or Quarantine
 STS 101
 the isolation of incoming and would no longer think of their livelihood
returning traders to control the and only concentrate on their
spread of the plague within 40 days masterpieces and works

Ring Around the Rosie Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

 is a rhyme written about the  he is a painter, architect, and
symptoms of the black death inventor
 is considered as an ideal Renaissance
Johannes Guttenberg Man
 a German inventor who invented the  famous works: Mona Lisa and The
printing press in the late Middle Age Last Supper

Printing Press Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

 can duplicate enormous book copies  French philosopher and
 since then, the availability of book mathematician regarded as the
prints can now be easily accessed by “Father of Modern Philosophy”
many people
 through the books, the people Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
rediscovers and revives the Greco-  an Italian astronomer, physicist, and
Roman classics engineer
 tutored a member of the Medici
Renaissance (French) family
 the rebirth of the Greco-Roman  is famous for his work in astronomy
classics (arts, philosophy, with his Telescope
mathematics, engineering)  his discoveries of the cosmos
 started in the 14th century until the conflicts with the teachings of the
17th century church
 includes the cultural movement called  his work was labeled “Heresy” by the
Humanism Catholic Church which is punishable
by imprisonment or death
Humanism
 is the idea that man is the center of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
his universe and people should  a mathematician and astronomer
embrace human achievements like  he proposed that the sun is the center
education, arts, literature, and of the solar system and that the
scientific discoveries planets circle around the sun
 its idea is to examine and critic the
teachings of the Roman Catholic William Shakespear (1564-1616)
church  England’s national poet and the
most famous playwright of all time
Renaissance Man  celebrated for his sonnets and plays
 a man who is knowledgeable in like Romeo and Juliet
science, mathematics, and
humanism Donatello (1386-1466)
 is conceptualized by Leon Battista  an Italian sculpture who sculpted
Alberti David that was commissioned by the
Medici Family
Medici Family
 supports the renaissance movement Michelangelo (1475-1564)
 are the former merchants in the late  and Italian sculpture, painter, and
middle age that expanded their architect who painted the Sistine
fortune into banking Chapel in Rome
 their wealth is used to support artists
and scientist in their work so that they Martin Luther
 STS 101
 one of the critics of the church (the  the colonists who remained loyal to
idea of Humanism) the Great Britain
 he is driven by his idea of church
reformation United States
 was created when the Patriots won
Luther’s Church Reformation and signed the declaration of
 later became known as Protestantism independence from the Great Britain

Catholic Church French Revolution (1787-1799)

 because of Humanism, they censored  in France, the people wanted to
artists and writers and those linked to abolish the system of Feudalism
Protestant Reformation  movement by the people for the
 artworks and relevant activities Respect of Human Rights
declined
Romanticism (19th century)
th
15 Century  its way was paved by the
 Europe’s battling with invaders Enlightenment
causes disruption and instability of  an intellectual orientation of many
the Renaissance Society works of literature, painting, music,
 the war caused economic instability, architecture, criticism,
causing the decline of people buying historiography about the Western
arts civilization brought by the
Enlightenment Movement
Censorship and Economic Instability
 seized the Renaissance Movement Enlightenment Thinkers:
1. Thomas Hobbes
Scientific Methods and Reasons (18th  “A government is necessary, not
Century) because man is naturally bad, but
 a thinking wherein traditional because man is by nature
authority is questioned including individualistic than social.”
church and politics to explain the 2. John Locke
natural phenomenon  “All mankind is born equal and
 is a way of thinking called “The Age of independent, that no one has the
Reason” right to harm another’s life, health,
liberty, or possession.”
The Age of Reason (18th Century) 3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 is also known as “The Enlightenment”  “Man is naturally good, but his
 produces books, essays, inventions, innocence can be corrupted by
scientific discoveries, laws, and society.”
brought political revolutions 4. Baron de Montesquieu
 “All men are born equal, and the law
America has to protect it.”
 is the land of the free 5. Voltaire
 “Think for yourself and let others
American Revolution (1765-1791) enjoy the privilege of doing so.”
 the Patriots wanted to be free from 6. Adam Smith
the rule of Great Britain including  “No society can surely flourish and
freeing of the slaves be happy if majority of the members
 between the Patriots and the Loyalists are poor and miserable.”
 when the Patriots won, the declaration 7. Thomas Jefferson
of independence was signed, and the  “A true patriot will defend his
United States was created country even from its government.”

Loyalists