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STS - WEEK 2 (Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society)

The document discusses intellectual revolutions that defined societies, focusing on the development of science in different regions including Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. It provides details on the advanced scientific understanding of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and other fields demonstrated by early civilizations like the Maya, Inca, Aztec, Indians, Chinese, and Muslims in the Middle East.

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Arenvy Jazzie
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176 views33 pages

STS - WEEK 2 (Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society)

The document discusses intellectual revolutions that defined societies, focusing on the development of science in different regions including Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. It provides details on the advanced scientific understanding of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and other fields demonstrated by early civilizations like the Maya, Inca, Aztec, Indians, Chinese, and Muslims in the Middle East.

Uploaded by

Arenvy Jazzie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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Intellectual Revolutions that

Defined Society
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:

• Analyze how scientific revolution is done in


various parts of the world like in Latin
America, East Asia, Middle East, and Africa.
Cradles of Early Science

 Development of science in Mesoamerica


 Development of Science in Asia.
 Development of Science in Middle East
 Development of Science in Africa.
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
• It includes the entire area of Central America
from Southern Mexico up to the border of
South America.

• Maya civilization lasted for approx. 2000 years.

• They incorporated their advanced


understanding of astronomy into their
temples and other religious structures
Example

The “El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza” is situated at the location of the
sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
• Mayan knowledge and understanding about
celestial bodies was advanced for their times.
– Predicting eclipses
– Using astrological cycles in planting and
harvesting.
The Mayan Calendar System
• Mayan is known for measuring time using two
complicated calendar systems.
• It is useful for their life especially in planning
activities and observing religious rituals and
cultural celebration.

• See video in the link:


• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhWItvjk9Yg
The Mayan Calendar System
The tzolk'in calendar combines twenty day
names with the thirteen day numbers
produce 260 unique days. It is to
determineused
the time of religious and ceremonialto
events and for divination. Each successive day is
numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting
again at 1. Separately from this, every day is
given a name in sequence from a list of 20 day
names:
The Mayan Calendar System
The Mayan Calendar System

The Haab' was made up of eighteen months of


twenty days each plus a period of five days at
the end of the year known as Wayeb' .
The Mayan Calendar System
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica: Mayan Civilization
• Mayans also developed technology for
growing different crops and building elaborate
cities using ordinary machineries and tools.

• Mayan built looms for weaving cloth.

• Devised rainbow of glittery paints made from


mineral called MICA.
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica: Mayan Civilization
• Mayan Heiroglyphics – writing system of Mayan.

• Mayan are considered one of most scientifically


advanced societies in mesoamerica.

• They are skilled in mathematics.

• Created number system based on the numeral


20.

• Developed the concept of zero and positional value


eve before Roman did.
INCA CIVILIZATION
• Famous in mesoamerica.

– Roads paved with stones.

– Stone building that surmounted earthquakes and


other disasters.

– Irrigation system and technique for storing water for


their crops to grow in all types of land.
INCA CIVILIZATION
• Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious
festivals and prepare them for planting season.

• The first suspension bridge.

• Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records


that only experts can interpret.

• Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially


prized artistic achievements
Aztec Civilization

• Mandatory Education
• Chocolates
• Antispasmodic medication
• Chinampa
• Aztec calendar
• Invention of canoe
Development of Science in ASIA
• The biggest continent in the world.

• Considered as the home of many ancient


civilization

• The host of many cultural. Economic,


scientific, and political activities of
all ages.
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA

• A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies


of water and fortified by huge mountains in its
northern boarders.

• Known for manufacturing of iron and in


metallurgical works.
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA

• Famous in medicine e.g. AYURVEDA.

• AYURVEDA – a system of traditional medicine


that originated in ancient India before 2500
BC.

• Susruta Samhita
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA

• Spherical self-supporting earth

• Year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30


days each.

• Siddhanta Shiromani – the interest in


astronomy was evident in this book.
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA

• Indus Valley Civilization


– The people in this civilization tried to standardize
measurement of length to a high degree of
accuracy and a designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro
Ruler)
• Aryabhatiya
– Introduced a number of trigonometric functions,
tables, and techniques as well as algorithms of
algebra.
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA
Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA
Development of Science in ASIA: CHINA
• Traditional Medicine – acupuncture
• Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing
tools.
• Astronomy – heavenly bodies, Lunar
calendars
Development of Science in ASIA: CHINA
Development of Science in the
MIDDLE EAST
Development of Science in the
MIDDLE EAST
• Dominantly occupied by Muslims
• Greater value on science experiments.

• Hasan Ibn al-Haytham


– An Arab Mathematician , astronomer, and
physicist of the Islamic Golden age.
– Father of Optics.
Development of Science in the
MIDDLE EAST
Development of Science in Africa
Development of Science in Africa

•
Thank You For Listening!

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