LEVELS

OF
E DUC ATION
From the very beginning of human race, ‘teaching’ and ‘learning’ continue to be

practiced in all societies in some way . Initially the family served as agency of

education. Thus was born the formal agency of education called ‘school’. The level of

education are
Pre Primary Education
Primary Education
Middle Stage
Secondary Education
Senior Secondary stage
Higher Education stage
Professional Education
Distance Education
Open School System
Online Education
Adult Education
Pre Primary
Stage
Pre- primary education refers to the educational preparation of

the child or the desirable learning experience provided before the

child starts going to a regular schools.

Pre Primary Stage
•Pre primary education in India is provided to
children 3–6 years by Kindergarten, Playway or Play Schools.
between
•These schools have varying terminology for different levels
of classes, beginning from – Pre-Nursery, Nursery, KG , L KG
(Lower Kindergarten) and U KG (Upper Kindergarten)
Most of the pre-primary education in India is provided by
private schools .
Importance of Pre primary Education

 Physical growth
The child is growing out of infancy and continues
his period of vigorous physical activity. His limbs are
flexible, grow strong active.
 Social Development
Nursery school may offer him enough opportunity
to cultivate desirable social habits and attitudes.
 Intellectual development
The child’s intellectual growth starts with the desire to
explore and know his environment. To stimulate the spirit of
enquiry and provide for opportunities to explore and expand,
pre primary education is considered essential.
 Emotional development
children learn to control their emotions and their tantrums
get mellowed.
 Fulfilment of psychological needs
The pre-school creative curriculum in an atmosphere of
uninhibited freedom offers him the challenges for his
psychological health.
Children in the pre-school stage are highly malleable and
bring desirable changes in their behaviour. The programme
of pre-school education sows the seeds for the balanced
personality development and good mental health.
Objectives of Pre-primary Education

 Indian Education Commission(1964-1966) has recommended

the following eight objectives for pre-primary education.
i. Development of good health habits and basic skills for
personal development
ii. Development of desirable social attitudes and habits
iii. Development of aesthetic sense in children
iv. Development of emotional maturity in children
v. Development and stimulation of intellectual curiosity
vi. Provision of ample opportunities to the children to enable
them to explore, investigate and experiment.
vii. Provision of opportunity for self- expression
viii. Development of good physique
Teaching Methods

 Play way method of teaching is important

 Pre primary schools is to develop the skills of speaking in

children to express their mind and attain language fluency

The Primary Stage
Formal schooling begins with primary education. Children who have

completed the age 5 or 6 are admitted to class I of the primary school and

study for 5 years

The Primary Stage
Primary education in India offered by both private and government
schools usually consist of students aged between 5 to 12 years
The duration of study in this stage is 4-5 years.
Common subjects include English, Hindi,
Mathematics, Science and General Knowledge
Environmental
The Government has made elementary education compulsory
for children between the age group of years 6 and 10.
Most of the primary education provided by primary schools
in
India is imparted from class 1 s t to class 4 t h or 5 t h .
1st
to 5th class of primary education are Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa,Tamilnadu, Punjab,
Chandigarh, Delhi, Karaikal and Yanam regions
Pondicherry. of

1st
to 4th classes of primary education are Assam, Goa,
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and
Mahe region of Pondicherry
Objectives

 Acquire literacy, numeracy, creativity and communication skills

 Enjoy learning and develop desire to continue learning
 Develop ability for critical thinking and logical judgment
 Appropriate and respect the dignity of work
 Develop desirable social standards, moral and religious values
 Develop into a self-disciplined, physically fit and healthy person
 Develop aesthetic values and appreciate own and other people’s
cultures.
 Develop awareness and appreciation of the environment
 Develop individual talents
The Middle
Stage
The Middle Stage
 Middle stage of education covering 3-4 years
academic
of study is formed by 5 th -
8 t h class c onsisting students
of to 14 years.
aged

8 th
class are known with various nam es like –
between
High School, Senior School.
12
5th -7th class of middle stage are Assam, Goa, Gujarat,
Karnataka, Kerala, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu,
Lakshadweep.
6th -8th class of middle stage are Arunachal Pradesh,
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,Tamilnadu, Punjab, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Delhi
The Secondary Stage
 The Secondary
Stage
Secondary Stage of education covering 2-3
years of academic study starts with classes 8 t h -
10 t h . consisting of students aged between 14-
16 years.
The schools which impart education up till
10 t h class are known as S econdary S c hools,
High S c h ools, Senior S c h ools etc.
8th
-10th class of secondary stage are Goa, Gujarat,
Karnataka, Kerala, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu,
Lakshadweep.

9th
-10th class of secondary stage are Punjab, Rajasthan,
Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh,
Delhi, Karaikal region of Pondicherry.
Importance of secondary education
i. Literary and learning of 3R’s are considered as the
major objectives of primary education. Pupils
potentialities are waiting to be developed during and
after 13 to 14 years.
ii. During adolescence individual’s potentialities are
developed, his ability, aptitudes and attitudes,
interests and character are shaped at this stage.
iii. To develop specialization in areas of knowledge and for
undergoing professional competence, students opt for
higher education for which the basis is formed at this
stage
Objectives:
i. Encourage pupil to continue their education after the
primary level.
ii. Facilitate to learn more in depth and breadth the
subjects studied at the primary level and widen the
knowledge.
iii. Train them in citizenship so that the pupils may
become good citizens of this democratic country.
iv. Prepare them for higher education in academic subjects
v. Impart them vocational skills and prepare for
employment
vi. Focus on improving the standardised transport and
textbook.
Secondary Education Commission Report

Education should aim at developing children as

 Creative citizen with requisite knowledge and discipline
 functionally efficient and progressive leaders who can dedicate themselves
for the industrial advancement and economic development of our country.
 Balanced personalities having deep faith in our culture and be able to
appreciate our literature and fine arts.
Senior Secondary
Stage
 Senior Secondary
Stage
Senior Secondary Education in India is of only 2
years. There is uniformity on this level of education in
terms of duration and classes i.e. all the States/UTs
follow this 10+2 pattern.
Senior Secondary Schools in India include classes
11 t h to 12 t h . consisting students aged between 16-18
years.
 After Kothari Education Commission (1964-1966),
recommendations, our country opted 10+2+3, uniform pattern of
education
 In Tamil Nadu, Higher secondary Schools offers five years of high
school educations.
 In state like Karnataka, Kerala etc. the higher secondary classes are
run in the separate educational institutions called ‘Junior Colleges’.
Higher secondary course consists of two streams
i. Academic stream
ii. Vocational stream
Aims

 Preparation for higher education professional education

 Strengthen the vocational stream of education

 Development of social and national integration and

consolidation of democratic way of life.
 Striving to build character by cultivating social moral and
spiritual values.
Higher Education
Stage
Higher Education
Stage
 Undergraduate education in India is of 3-4 years. Undergraduate stage
of
education is also known as higher education in India.
Students studying in this level, generally begin their education from
18 onwards.
 As per one estimate 88% of undergraduate education is provided by Colleges
in India.
Majority of the undergraduate courses of 3 years duration belong to field of
arts, humanities, science etc.
Aims of Higher Education

 To seek and cultivate new knowledge

 To engage vigorously and fearlessly in the pursuit of truth.
 To interpret old knowledge and beliefs in the light of needs
and discoveries
 To provide the right kind of leadership in all walks of life.
 To promote equality and social justice.
 To help to spread adult education
Problems in Higher Education

 Through universities have multiplied in number, physical

facilities available in them have no really increased. Most of
the universities are ill-equipped and under staffed.
 Universities function in isolation, cut-off from the socio-
economic life of the people
 The problem of unemployment
Improving the quality of higher education

 Association of Indian Universities should be attempted by establishing a

network arrangement among them to pool their resources and participates in
projects of national importance.
 UGC should develop some “Major Universities’ where ‘first’ class post
graduate work and research would be possible and whose standard would be
comparable to best institution in any part of the world.
 Based on the feedback regarding the performance of the colleges affiliated to
universities “Autonomous Status” should be conferred on number of colleges.
Postgraduate Stage
Postgraduate Stage
Postgraduate education in India is of 2-3 years. Postgraduate stages of
courses are known as Masters courses or Doctorate courses. Masters
course are usually of 2 years duration and doctorate (research) courses are
of 3 years duration.
 56% of post-graduate education is imparted through colleges.
 PG education in India is largely provided by universities in India.
PG education caters largely to a specific field or sub field of any
preferred discipline.
Professional Education
Professional
Professional education is a formal specialized training about a
particular profession in which learners are taught the central
concepts, principles, and techniques, and how these are applied in
real practice, and the learners also acquire the necessary competencies
needed for proper practice and behaviour.
Majority of 4 years of duration belong to the field of agriculture,
engineering, pharmaceutical sciences technology. However, there are
courses belonging to fields of architecture, law and medicine whose
duration is 5 years.
 In higher education, there are two streams
i. Arts and Science
ii. Professional education

Stages of Professional Education

iii. Graduate Professional Education
iv. Post Graduate Professional Education and Doctoral
Professional Education
Distance
Education
 Distance education provided by institutes is controlled by the
Distance Education Council of India.
Distance education is helpful to those who cannot join regular
schools or colleges. At the school level, National Institute of Open
Schooling offers education through distance learning.
While, at the college or university level, Open universities
provides distance education. Distance education can also be
pursued online via internet.
Meaning and Definition

Prof. Helmberg (1981) defined distance education as the one in

which education is provided at different levels and that in the

absence of direct and continuous supervision of a teacher.

It could be termed as ‘Open Education’.

Need for Distance Education

 To manage the ever increasing student population

seeking higher education.
 To regulate the huge rush informal universities by
diverting's a sizeable portion to distance education
programme.
 To provide education in various discipline as a
continuation of non-formal education programmes.
Different Formats of Distance Education

 In addition to the correspondence lessons and ratio

broadcasts, arranging for some week- end classes.
 Providing support to the school system to after additional
information and knowledge through postal television and
radio broadcasts.
 As a continuation of adult education programme arranging
for agricultural broadcasts, Radio and TV learning
movements
Salient Features of Distanc eEducation

 The presence of teacher is not mandatory.

 Lessons prepared by panel of teachers

 Students learn independently through different activities and media.

 Education gets democratised and reach out the doors of individual

learners.
Distance Education in India

 Delhi University started in 1962 the school of correspondence and

continuing education.
 Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU) is a pioneer in this field at
present and reaches out many an innovative course at the doorsteps
of learners.
 Universities in Tamil Nadu [Madras, Madurai-Kamaraj, Annamalai,
Alagappa, Bharathiar, Mother Teresa Universities]
Advantages of Distanc Education

 Helps those who have discontinued education in the

formal system but willing to continue their education.
 As distance education permits earning while learning.

 As a students of distance education learn with self

motivation, quality of education received remains high.
OPEN EDUCATION

 No formal educational qualification are required to join the

open school system. Any individual, above the age of 16
knowing reading and writing can join the foundation course in
the open school system.
Emergence of Open school System in India

 England Open University is a forerunner for the open education system of many
countries in the world including India.
 To provide school education who fail to join schools.
 Director of NCERT appointed a committee in 1974 to study this proposal and
prepare a detailed plan for it.
 Government of India was accepted and a separate Directorate of Open School
Education was established in July 1979.
 Open school was started at Chennai in 1985.
Objectives of Open School System

 To provide education to all those who are employed and

completed 16 years of age.
 To provide opportunities for the following categories of the
people
i. Economically poor particularly rural housewives
ii. Schools drop –outs
iii. Failed X or XII standards in the formal system of
education.
OPTIONAL EDUCATION

 Major objective of the centre is to provide opportunities for

higher education.
 Measures such as online courses and digital repositories,
funding for research, improved student services. Credit based
recognition of MOOC (Massive Open Online course), etc. will
be to ensure the highest quality in –class programme .
 Internationalization of education
 Online Education and Digital Education
ADUL EDUCATION

 Adult Education in India comes under the purview of

the Department of School Education and Literacy.
The Bureau of Adult Education and National Literacy
Mission under the Department functions as the
Secretariat of the National Literacy Mission Authority (NLMA).
National Literacy Mission was set up on 5th May,1988 to
impart a new sense of urgency and seriousness to adult education.
The Directorate of Adult Education provides necessary technical
and resource support to the NLMA.