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Introduction to AFIS and Facts

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Introduction to AFIS and Facts

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INTRODUCTION TO

AFIS AND FACTS

Name- Muskan Kaniya


MSc.Forensic Science
Enrollment No- 240040001017
WHAT IS AFIS?

AFIS stands for Automated


Fingerprint Identification System. Algorithms
It's a powerful tool for identification They employ sophisticated
and verification used by law algorithms to compare and match
enforcement and other fingerprints.
organizations.

Database Identification
AFIS systems maintain a vast They can identify individuals based
database of fingerprints. on their unique fingerprint patterns.
WHEN WAS AFIS
CREATED?
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police: Implemented an
automated system in 1977
• San Francisco’s Initiative: First U.S. jurisdiction to
routinely use AFIS in 1983, following 80% citizen
approval.
• Crime Scene Investigations Unit: Formed in San
Francisco, leading to a tenfold increase in fingerprint
identifications and a 26% decrease in burglary rates
over four years.
• Now upgraded to the Next Generation
Identification(NGI),is the world’s most extensive
criminal history collection.
KEY COMPONENTS OF AFIS

Fingerprint Fingerprint Matching User Interface


Scanner Database Algorithms
Provides an
Captures Stores a large Compare and easy-to-use
fingerprint collection of match
fingerprint fingerprints for interface for
images with high operators
precision. records identification.
HOW DOES AFIS WORKS?

1) Capture: 3) Comparison/Matching:
2) Extraction: 4) Result Reporting
‍ ‍
‍ Once a match is
a. Live Scan: At its core, AFIS employs
After capturing, the next confirmed, a detailed
This method uses fingerprint step is isolating unique advanced algorithms to
scanners to capture a full execute the comparison of report is then generated,
features. Processors
"10-print" set directly from efficiently isolate and extracted features against an documenting the
an individual. These are compress these minutiae extensive database of findings, the
high-resolution images points from both latent records, facilitating the methodology used for
capturing every detail of all prints and 10-prints, verification of fingerprints identification, and any
ten fingers. ensuring only the most to known individuals or relevant matches within
‍ relevant details are identifying possible matches the database. This report
preserved for comparison. within the database. For
b. Latent Print Collection: latent prints, which may be and matching score can
When fingerprints are partial or less clear, human be used for various
unintentionally left behind forensic experts are purposes, including legal
at a scene (often a crime involved post-AFIS analysis proceedings, background
scene), specialized to review potential matches, checks, or adding the
techniques are employed to implementing a dual-layered information to national
discover and enhance these method to achieve
latent prints. Once
databases.
unparalleled accuracy in
enhanced, these prints are fingerprint identification.
photographed and then
entered into the AFIS
system for comparison
FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION
PROCESS

Minutiae points The minutiae A score is


(ridge endings patterns are calculated to
and compared with indicate the
bifurcations) database likelihood of a
are detected. records. match.
Minutiae Pattern Score
Extraction Matching Calculation
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN AFIS

Victim Identification of
identification Suspects

Accuracy Continuous Handling large


development volume of data

Efficiency and Legal and civil


speed applications

Forensic
intelligence
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF AFIS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Quick Data Processing • Quality of Fingerprints-Low-
• Reduced Human Error Quality Prints
• Upgraded Security Protocols • Cost-High Implementation
Costs
• Cost-Effective in the Long
Run • Skilled examiners are needed

• Scalability and Flexibility • Technological Limitations-


Algorithm Limitations
• Integration with Multiple
Systems • Data Privacy and Security
• Motivational Bias
ADVANCEMENT OF AFIS
Advanced Image Cloud-Based Multimodal Biometric
Identification Systems Mobile AFIS
Processing: Solutions: (MBIS)

• Image • Scalability: Cloud- • Combining • Field Access:


Enhancement: based AFIS Modalities: MBIS Mobile AFIS
New image solutions offer integrates multiple solutions allow law
processing scalable storage and biometric enforcement
techniques enhance processing modalities, such as officers to capture
the quality of capabilities, fingerprints, iris and search
fingerprint images, allowing agencies scans, and facial fingerprints in the
making it easier to to handle larger recognition, to field using portable
extract and analyze databases without provide a more devices This
features significant comprehensive capability is
• 3D Fingerprint infrastructure identification particularly useful
Scanning: investments system for rapid
Emerging • Accessibility: • Enhanced identification
technologies like Cloud solutions Accuracy: By during
3D fingerprint enable remote combining different investigations and
scanning provide access to AFIS biometric data at border control
more detailed and databases, points, MBIS points.
accurate facilitating real- improves the • Real-Time Results:
representations of time data sharing accuracy and Mobile AFIS
fingerprints, and collaboration reliability of provides real-time
improving the across different identifications results, enabling
reliability of locations officers to make
matches quick decisions
based on accurate
biometric data
THANK YOU

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