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Factors Affecting Changes in Landscape

The document lists several factors that affect changes in landscape: 1) Urban sprawl, mass tourism, decreased environmental protections, and expansion of industrial agriculture have contributed to changes. 2) Natural factors like geology, climate, and vegetation influence human activities and development. 3) Historical, political, and administrative changes like borders, governments, and laws shape landscapes over time. 4) Socio-economic factors like land use, jobs, and development patterns are determined by cultural preferences and skills.

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Shubhangi Singh
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2K views

Factors Affecting Changes in Landscape

The document lists several factors that affect changes in landscape: 1) Urban sprawl, mass tourism, decreased environmental protections, and expansion of industrial agriculture have contributed to changes. 2) Natural factors like geology, climate, and vegetation influence human activities and development. 3) Historical, political, and administrative changes like borders, governments, and laws shape landscapes over time. 4) Socio-economic factors like land use, jobs, and development patterns are determined by cultural preferences and skills.

Uploaded by

Shubhangi Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factors affecting changes in

landscape

• urban sprawl and dispersion of housing onto open areas


• increased mass commercial tourism
• decreased importance of legal protection of areas of environmental value
• building large-area commercial complexes
• setting up large-area mining plants of mineral resources
• development of trans-national transport routes
• creation of ”artificial landscapes” like man-made islands, fantasy worlds, funfairs, theme parks
etc
• expansion of deteriorated areas (post-mining or post-industrial areas) and so-called excluded
space (especially in poorer countries
• change of traditional forms of land management into industrialized agriculture (high technology
agriculture).
• Natural factors – which should be regarded as input conditions, the environmental matrix that determines the type of human activities in a given area. They
consist of: geological structure hydrological relations (surface and ground water), climatic conditions, soil cover, vegetation and the animal world. What should
be kept in mind is the high changeability of these factors, which, except for the geological structure and surface features, have changed many times in history
(e.g. climatic periods in the Holocene, changes in water circulation in catchments, changes in the vegetation coverage and species composition, etc). According
to the presumptions of geographic determinism (Ratzel, 1891)2, these factors determine the conditions of settlement in the ecumene and civilizational progress.
They make economic growth in given areas easier, harder or simply impossible, and breaking the natural laws results in disturbed balance in the geosystem or,
in extreme cases, in ecological disasters.

• Historical and political factors – consisting of events resulting from changes in borders, wars, administrative divisions; systems of authority and management
of people and places (political systems and doctrines), legal and administrative systems, which have changed many times over the history, influencing heavily
(in the case of Europe) the features of the spatial layout.

• Socio-economic factors – including settlement systems, forms of property of land and material goods, structure of professions, property and the society of
residents in given territories. The skills related to the use of the resources in a given environment set the pace of transformations, while socio-economic
preferences determine their direction.

• Cultural factors – being the evidence of gradual cultural maturation of societies, building patterns developed over time, architectonic styles, scientific
discoveries and technological inventions, tradition, a growing feeling of territorial identity, spiritual culture: language (regional dialect), customs, habits, beliefs
and religion, which are regularly reflected in the landscape.

• Civilizational factors – defined by the intellectual and biological potential of societies, accessibility to technological achievements and material goods. These
factors have created Man’s growing feeling of safety, gradual loosening of relations with the natural environment, and eventually, absolute dependence on
technology, which found its expression in the form of the philosophical-scientific approach – geographic nihilism.

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