PREVIOUS SOLVED PAPERS

Chapter-wise & Topic-wise

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Salient Features

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• A compilation of 25 years of MHT-CET questions (1999-2023) that aligns with the most recent
MHT-CET syllabus
• ‘3274’ unique MCQs
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• Chapter-wise and Topic-wise segregation of MCQs
• MCQs arranged in year-wise flow in each topic
• Quick Review provided for the revision of concepts
• Includes Important Study Techniques for holistic learning:
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- Thinking Hatke
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- Caution
- Smart Code
- Smart Tip
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• Solutions provided for better understanding.

• Trend analysis of all the shifts of MHT-CET 2023 examination in the form of:
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 Graphs of difficulty levels of each shift

 Tables of Chapter-wise analysis of all shifts

Printed at: Print to Print, Mumbai

© Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

P.O. No. 10895

TEID: 3294
 PREFACE
Target’s ‘MHT-CET Biology: Previous Solved Papers (PSP)’ is a compilation of past 25 years’
(1999-2023) questions asked in the MHT-CET examinations conducted by State Common Entrance Test Cell,
Maharashtra State. This book is curated as per the latest MHT-CET syllabus.
The book consists of chapter-wise categorization of questions. Each chapter goes with a topic-wise flow.
All the questions pertaining to a topic are arranged year-wise in a flow that concludes with the latest year.
A special topic Concept fusion is drafted at the end of the MCQ section to cover multifarious questions.
We have provided answers to all the questions and detailed solutions are given wherever required.
The solutions will serve as valuable learning tools in understanding the concepts.
Selection of unique MCQs is prioritized while making this book to prevent the recurrence of identical
questions. This will enable students to save time spent on repetitive questions.

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We have infused several Smart Keys such as Cautions, Thinking Hatke, Smart Code and Smart Tip.

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Important Study Techniques are created to help students with key objectives such as time management,
easy memorization, revision and non-conventional yet simple methods for MCQ solving. To ensure
adequate revision, each chapter begins with a Quick review.
A statistical analysis of the number of questions asked per chapter in each shift of MHT-CET 2023

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examination is offered in tabular form. This analysis would help students understand the weighting
allotted to each chapter. A graphical representation of analysis of all the papers (12 papers of PCB group)
is also included at the start of the book to elaborate on the breakdown of the difficulty level of questions
asked in the examination. Studying these representations should undoubtedly aid students in planning their
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study strategy for the examination. There is a possibility that the weightage to a chapter and the level of
difficulty of the question paper in the future examination may vary.
This book would provide students with confidence regarding their exam preparedness. We are confident
that this book will comprehensively cater to the needs of students and effectively assist them to achieve
their goal.
e

Publisher
Edition: First
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The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think
we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
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Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org

A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.
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Disclaimer
This reference book is transformative work based on the latest Textbooks of Std. XI and XII Biology published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of
Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual
contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and
reproduce the same in examinations.
This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be
responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on
the point of view expressed in the reference book.
© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for
the benefit of students.
 FEATURES

Quick Review includes tables/charts to

summarize the key points/important Quick
chemical reactions in the chapter. This Review
is our attempt to help students to
reinforce key concepts.
MCQs are segregated topic-wise
in each chapter. This is our

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Topic-wise attempt to cater to individualistic

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Segregation pace and preferences of studying a
chapter in students and enable
easy assimilation of questions
based on the specific concept.

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Concept Fusion topic encompasses
questions whose solutions require Concept
knowledge of concepts covered in Fusion
different topics from same chapter or
from different chapters.
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Smart Tip can be used to
Smart Tip memorise or revise the key points
at a glance.
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Thinking Hatke reveals quick Thinking

witted approach to crack the specific Hatke
question.
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Caution apprises students about

Caution mistakes often made while solving
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MCQs.

Smart Code showcases simple and Smart

smart mnemonic created for Code
selected concepts.
 INDEX
Sr. Textbook
Chapter Name Page No.
No. Chapter No.
Std. XI
1 6 Biomolecules 1
2 13 Respiration and Energy Transfer 18
3 14 Human Nutrition 42
4 15 Excretion and Osmoregulation 57

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Std. XII
5 1 Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants 80

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6 2 Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals 108
7 3 Inheritance and Variation 139
8 4 Molecular Basis of Inheritance 167

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9 5 Origin and Evolution of Life 186
10 6 Plant Water Relation 206
11 7 Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition 221
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12 8 Respiration and Circulation 236
13 9 Control and Coordination 274
14 10 Human Health and Diseases 309
15 11 Enhancement of Food Production 329
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16 12 Biotechnology 351
17 13 Organisms and Populations 370
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18 14 Ecosystem and Energy Flow 385

19 15 Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues 397
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Evaluating your grasp of the content through chapter-specific tests is the most effective
method for gauging your readiness with each topic.
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Scan the adjacent QR code to know more about our "MHT-CET Biology Test Series with
Answer Key & Solutions" book for the MHT-CET Entrance examination.

Practice test Papers are the only way to assess your preparedness for the Exams.
Scan the adjacent QR code to know more about our "MHT-CET 21 Question Paper Set
(PCB Group)" book for the MHT-CET Entrance examination.

A competitive exam book should contain comprehensive subject coverage, practice

questions and effective examination strategies.
Scan the adjacent QR code to know more about our "MHT-CET Triumph Biology" book
for the MHT-CET Entrance examination.
 MHT-CET PAPER PATTERN

● There will be three papers of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) in ‘Mathematics’, ‘Physics and
Chemistry’ and ‘Biology’ of 100 marks each.
● Duration of each paper will be 90 minutes.
● Questions will be based on the syllabus prescribed by Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and
Higher Secondary Education with approximately 20% weightage given to Std. XI and 80% weightage
will be given to Std. XII curriculum.
● Difficulty level of questions will be at par with JEE (Main) for Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and at
par with NEET for Biology.

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● There will be no negative marking.
● Questions will be mainly application based.

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● Details of the papers are as given below:
Approximate No. of Multiple
Choice Questions (MCQs) based on Mark(s) Per Total
Paper Subject
Question Marks
Std. XI Std. XII

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Paper I Mathematics 10 40 2 100
Physics 10 40
Paper II 1 100
Chemistry 10 40
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Paper III Biology 20 80 1 100
● Questions will be set on
i. the entire syllabus of Std. XII of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology subjects
prescribed by Maharashtra Bureau of Textbook Production and curriculum Research, Pune, and
ii. chapters / units from Std. XI curriculum as mentioned below:
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Sr. No. Subject Chapters / Units of Std. XI

Motion in a plane, Laws of motion, Gravitation, Thermal properties of
1 Physics
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matter, Sound, Optics, Electrostatics, Semiconductors

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, Structure of Atom, Chemical
Bonding, Redox Reactions, Elements of Group 1 and Group 2, States of
2 Chemistry
Matter: Gaseous and Liquid States, Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry,
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Adsorption and Colloids, Hydrocarbons

Trigonometry - II, Straight Line, Circle, Measures of Dispersion,
3 Mathematics Probability, Complex Numbers, Permutations and Combinations,
Functions, Limits, Continuity
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Biomolecules, Respiration and Energy Transfer, Human Nutrition,

4 Biology
Excretion and osmoregulation
 BIOLOGY
Chapter-wise Analysis of MHT-CET 2023 Exam Papers

15th 15th 16th 16th 17th 17th 18th 18th 19th 19th 20th 20th
Ch.
Std. Chapter Name May May May May May May May May May May May May Total
No.
Shift I Shift II Shift I Shift II Shift I Shift II Shift I Shift II Shift I Shift II Shift I Shift II
6 11th Biomolecules 4 5 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 42

13 11th Respiration and Energy Transfer 4 5 3 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 57

14 11th Human Nutrition 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 56

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15 11th Excretion and Osmoregulation 7 6 5 5 6 4 7 3 5 3 6 5 62

1 12th
Reproduction in Lower and Higher
Plants
m 6 7 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 73

Reproduction in Lower and Higher

2 12th 6 5 8 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 72
Animals

3 12th Inheritance and Variation 8 5 6 5 5 4 7 5 5 5 5 5 65

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4 12th Molecular Basis of Inheritance 7 5 4 5 5 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 65

5 12th Origin and Evolution of Life 4

e 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 59

6 12th Plant Water Relation 5 4 7 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 5 63

7 12th Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 62

8 12th Respiration and Circulation 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 94

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9 12th Control and Co-ordination 7 9 8 8 9 10 7 9 8 9 9 10 103

10 12th Human Health and Diseases 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 47

11 12th Enhancement of Food Production 5 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 63

Biotechnology 6 6 5 5 6 60
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12 12th 4 4 5 4 5 5 5

13 12th Organisms and Populations 3 4 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 49

14 12th Ecosystems and Energy Flow 5 5 4 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 54

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15 12th Biodiversity, Conservation and 2 3 6 5 4 5 2 7 4 7 4 5 54
Environmental Issues

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

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100 100 100 100 100 100 1200
 BIOLOGY
Difficulty level-wise Analysis of MHT-CET 2023 Exam Papers
Papers

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e
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E – Easy: Questions whose answers can be directly and easily answered by the information given in Std. XI and XII Textbooks.
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M – Medium: These questions require students to identify and apply the appropriate concepts which they studied from Std. XI and XII Textbooks.
D – Difficult: The most Challenging Questions that require application of various concepts and encourage students to think beyond the information given in the textbooks.

Analysis
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 Analysis of questions by difficulty level: Although the proportion of easy, medium, and difficult questions changes over the twelve papers, there are more medium
questions than easy ones and a handful of difficult questions.
This indicates that the entrance exam emphasizes on careful reading, comprehension of the text and application of concepts. Students are advised to study each chapter
thoroughly and apply the scientific knowledge of the studied concepts while preparing for the entrance exam.
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 Chapter

9 Control and Co-ordination

9.0 Introduction 9.6 Human Nervous System

9.1 Nervous System in Hydra 9.7 Sensory Receptors
9.2 Nervous System in Planaria (Flatworm) 9.8 Disorders of Nervous System
9.3 Neural Tissue 9.9 Endocrine System
9.4 Synapse 9.10 Major Endocrine Glands

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9.5 Transmission of Nerve Impulse

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Quick Review

 Steps in Chemical Synapse:

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Steps in Chemical Synapse
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1 3 5
Impulse transmission Neurotransmitter release Enzymatic degradation
process Increased calcium concentration Cholinesterase, an enzyme-
Impulse travels along triggers fusion of synaptic like substance, destroys the
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the axon of the vesicles with the presynaptic neurotransmitter once the
presynaptic neuron to neuron's cell membrane, releasing impulse has been transferred.
the axon terminal. neurotransmitters via exocytosis.
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2 4 6
Calcium influx Postsynaptic cell response Readiness for new
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Voltage-sensitive Ca++ Neurotransmitters bind to receptors impulse

channels open and calcium on the postsynaptic cell, resulting in Synapse is then ready to
diffuses inward from the either excitatory or inhibitory action, receive a new impulse.
extracellular fluid. depending on the nature of the
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neurotransmitter.

 Transmission of Nerve Impulse:

Polarized state with excess Na+ on the outer side and excess K+ on the inner side of the
Resting state
membrane
Potential difference of –50 to –100 millivolts (average is –70 millivolts) due to
Resting potential
differential permeability of the membrane to K+ and Na+ ions
Resting potential During resting potential, both Na+/K+ gated channels are closed, and the resting
maintenance potential is maintained
Membrane potential change in response to a stimulus, enabled by the opening of
Action potential
voltage-gated channels

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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

 Generation of Nerve Impulse:

Application of stimulus on a resting nerve

Permeability of membrane changes and it becomes more permeable to Na+

Na+ ions diffuse into the neuron from the ECF

Number of positive ions increases inside the axon

Membrane potential changes from –70mV to +30mV and this change is

called action potential

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The polarity reverses from negative on outside and positive inside. This is
called depolarization (compared to ECF)

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Repolarisation: At the peak of action potential (+30mV) the Na+ channels close.
K+ gates open. The membrane becomes more permeable to K+

K+ ions diffuse out of the axon

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The inside of the membrane (becomes less and less positive) becomes
negative once again
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Axoplasm inside becomes negatively charged and ECF becomes positively
charged respectively

 Parts of Brain:
Brain
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Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon
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Cerebral peduncles Corpora Metencephalon Myelencephalon

or crura cerebri quadrigemina
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Medulla
Cerebellum Pons varolii oblongata
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Rhinencephalon Telencephalon Diencephalon

reduced olfactory cerebrum divided incompletely

lobes (2) into two cerebral hemispheres Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus

Cerebellum
Second largest part of the brain
Composed of white matter with a thin layer of grey matter, the cortex
Regulates neuromuscular activities
Controls rapid activities like walking, running, speaking, etc.
Maintains equilibrium, posture, balancing orientation, moderation of voluntary movements and muscle tone

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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

Medulla Oblongata
Controls involuntary vital functions like heartbeat, respiration, vasomotor activities and peristalsis
Controls non-vital reflex activities like coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, yawning etc.
Contains inner grey matter and outer white matter
Cavity called IV ventricle or metacoel
Roof has the posterior choroid plexes for secretion of CSF

 Types of Autonomic Nervous System:

Types

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Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System
Subdivisions
Thoraco-lumbar outflow, originates Cranio-sacral outflow, consists of
in the thoracic and lumbar regions of branches from cranial (III, VII, IX, X),
the spinal cord sacral (II, III), and spinal (IV) nerves

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Ganglia
22 pairs of sympathetic ganglia Ganglia near or within effector organs
along the spinal cord
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Neurotransmitters
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers)
(adrenergic fibers)
Functions
Controls emergencies (fight or flight Counters sympathetic system, normalizes
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response), stimulates most organs activities, inhibits most organs

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 Eyeball:

Outermost layer of dense fibroelastic tissue, includes the

Sclera
transparent cornea
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Middle vascular and pigmented layer with the choroid proper,

Choroid/Uvea
ciliary body and iris
Layers The innermost layer of the eye, comprising a pigmented non-
sensory part (lining the iris and ciliary body) and a sensory part
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Retina (lining the choroid), is non-vascular and light-sensitive.

Outer photosensitive layer (rod and cone cells), middle layer
(bipolar nerve cells), and inner layer (ganglion cells)
Choroid proper Lines the sclera, supplies nutrition and oxygen to the retina
Thick muscular structure at the choroid-iris junction, secretes
Choroid/Uvea Ciliary body
aqueous humor, adjusts lens size
Coloured partition with a pupil, regulates the pupil size based on
Iris
light intensity
Transparent, elastic, biconvex structure suspended by ligaments, separates the anterior
Lens
aqueous chamber and posterior vitreous chamber
Blind spot Area opposite the lens where optic nerve and blood vessels exit the eyeball
Yellow area or
Lateral to and above the blind spot, with fovea centralis (point with sharpest vision).
macula lutea

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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

 Photo Receptor Cells:

Rod cells Function in dim light (scotopic) vision; contain rhodopsin.

Types Responsible for daylight (photopic) vision and colour vision; have photopigments for
Cone cells
red, green, and blue lights

 Structure of Human Ear:

External Ear
Ear Pinna Immovable part, collects sound waves
Auditory Canal Receives sound waves and leads to the ear drum
Tympanic Membrane Delicate structure, transmits sound waves to the middle ear

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Middle Ear

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Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), and Stapes (stirrup) amplify and transmit
Ear Ossicles
vibrations to the cochlea
Eustachian Tube Connects the middle ear to the pharynx, equalizes air pressure
Inner Ear

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Labyrinth Bony and membranous labyrinth filled with perilymph and endolymph respectively
Membranous Labyrinth Consists of vestibule, semicircular ducts and cochlea
Cochlea Coiled duct with fluid-filled chambers (scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani)
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Organ of Corti Located on the basilar membrane, contains sensory hair cells
Hair Cells Have stereocilia, convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

 Major Endocrine Glands:

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Endocrine gland Hormones Functions

- Stimulates uterine contractions during parturition
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(childbirth)
Oxytocin
- Initiates ejection or release of milk by stimulating
mammary gland contraction
- Promotes the reabsorption of water in the distal
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convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney

Hypothalamus nephrons, reducing urine quantity
- Increases blood pressure by causing
ADH vasoconstriction.
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- Deficiency of ADH leads to increased urine output

and is called diabetes insipidus
- Excessive thirst accompanies excessive urination, a
condition known as polydipsia
- Stimulates growth and development of all tissues by
Somatotropin / Somatotropic accelerating protein synthesis and cell division
Hormone / STH / Growth - Highest secretion occurs until puberty, after which it
Hormone / GH decreases, but continues throughout life for tissue
Pituitary gland repair and replacement
(Adenohypophysis) Thyrotropin / Thyroid - Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine
Stimulating Hormone / TSH (thyroid hormone)
- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete
Adreno corticotropic Hormone
its hormones
/ ACTH / Adrenocorticotropin
- Maintains the functioning of the adrenal cortex

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 

MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

- Activates breast growth during pregnancy

Prolactin / Luteotropin / (mammotropin)
Mammotropin - Stimulates milk production and secretion by the
mammary gland after childbirth
- Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- In males, it is involved in the development of
/ FSH
seminiferous tubules.
- In females, LH helps in the growth, ripening, and
discharge of the ovum from the Graafian follicle.
Luteinizing Hormone / LH - FSH and LH stimulate ovaries to produce estrogen.
- LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the
corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.
- In males, ICSH stimulates the testes to produce the

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Interstitial Cell Stimulating androgen testosterone.

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Hormone / ICSH - Testosterone is responsible for the development of
secondary sexual characteristics in males.
Pituitary gland
Does not secrete any hormone but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH
(Neurohypophysis)
- stimulates the dispersion of melanin granules in
Pituitary gland Melanocyte

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melanocytes
(Pars intermedia) Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
- skin pigmentation
- Regulates the body's biological clock (24-hour
diurnal rhythm)
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Pineal gland Melatonin - Maintains the normal sleep-wake cycle
- Influences body temperature regulation
- Affects metabolism and reproductive cycles
- Regulates basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- Stimulates protein synthesis and promotes growth of
body tissues
Tetraiodothyronine or
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- Increases heat production and supports the activity

thyroxine (T4 )
of neurotransmitters adrenaline and nor-adrenaline
- Supports red blood cell (RBC) production and
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Thyroid gland maintains water and electrolyte balance

Triiodothyronine (T3) - Physiologically more active than T4
- Regulates calcium and phosphorus concentration in
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the blood
Calcitonin - Lowers plasma calcium and phosphorus levels by
reducing their release from bones and increasing
uptake by bones
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- Regulates calcium and phosphate balance between

blood and tissues
- Increases blood calcium levels by:
Parathyroid gland Parathormone (PTH)
Taking calcium from bones
Increasing calcium absorption in the digestive tract
Reducing loss of calcium in urine
- Facilitates the maturation of T-lymphocytes (T-cells)
Thymus gland Thymosin
- Promotes the production of antibodies
- Regulate sodium and potassium ion concentrations
Mineralocorticoids
- Control salt-water balance, blood volume and blood
(e.g., Aldosterone)
Adrenal gland pressure
(Adrenal cortex) - Regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and
Glucocorticoids (e.g., Cortisol) lipids
- Increase blood glucose levels

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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

- Exhibit immunosuppressive effects

- Prepare the body to cope with stress and
emergencies
- Influences the development and maintenance of
external sex characteristics in males
- Excess in females can lead to adrenal virilism and
Sex Corticoids
hirsutism (excess facial hair)
(Gonadocorticoids)
- In males, excess may cause gynecomastia (enlarged
breasts).
- Production of androgens and estradiols
- Known as the "emergency hormone"
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) - Associated with the "3F response" (fight, flight, and
Adrenal gland fright)

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(Adrenal medulla)
Noradrenaline - Regulates blood pressure under normal conditions

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(Norepinephrine) - Acts as a vasoconstrictor, narrowing blood vessels
- Stimulates the liver to perform glycogenolysis,
Glucagon (Alpha cells)
increasing blood glucose levels
- Promotes glycogenesis in the liver and muscles,
Insulin (Beta cells)
leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels

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Pancreas - Inhibits the secretion of both glucagon and insulin
Somatostatin (Delta cells) - Decreases gastric secretions, motility and absorption
in the digestive tract
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP
- Inhibits the release of pancreatic juice
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cells or F cells)
- Responsible for the development of secondary
sexual characteristics in males
Testes Testosterone - It helps in the maintenance of the testes
- Inhibits the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH)
when its blood level rises above normal
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- Responsible for the development of secondary

Estrogen (e.g., Estradiol)
sexual characteristics in females
- Secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation.
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- Essential for thickening the uterine endometrium,

preparing it for the implantation of a fertilized ovum
Progesterone
- Responsible for the development of mammary
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glands during pregnancy

- Inhibits uterine contractions during pregnancy
Ovary
- Secreted by the corpus luteum
- Inhibits the production of Follicle-Stimulating
Inhibin
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Hormone (FSH) and Gonadotropin-Releasing

Hormone (GnRH)
- Secreted by the corpus luteum at the end of the
gestation period
Relaxin
- Relaxes the cervix of the pregnant female and
ligaments of the pelvic girdle, facilitating an easier birth
Maintains pregnancy by preventing uterine muscle
Estrogen
contractions and thickening the uterine endometrium
Progesterone Supports pregnancy and prevents uterine contractions
Placenta
hCG (Human Chorionic Helps maintain pregnancy and is used as a marker in
Gonadotropin) pregnancy tests
Human Placental Progesterone Supports pregnancy
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone Increases sodium excretion by the kidneys, reducing
Heart
(ANH) blood pressure

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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

Renin It stimulates erythropoiesis

Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone
Kidney Erythropoietin
marrow
Calcitriol (active form of Regulates calcium and phosphate absorption in the
vitamin D3) intestines
Gastrin Stimulates gastric glands to produce gastric juice
Secretin Induces the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile
Gastrointestinal Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and the gall
tract Pancreozymin bladder to release bile
Entero-gastrone / Gastric Slows gastric contractions and inhibits the secretion of
Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) gastric juice

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 Hormonal Disorders:

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Gland Hormone Condition Symptoms
Hypersecretion
Gigantism (Abnormal body growth)
in children
GH Hypersecretion in Acromegaly can cause disfigurement (especially of

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adults the face) which may lead to serious complications
Pituitary
Hyposecretion Pituitary dwarfism - Stunted growth
Impairment affecting
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Diabetes insipidus- reduces water re-absorption
ADH the synthesis or
and increases urine output, polydipsia
release of hormone
Grave’s Disease - Protruding eyeballs, increased
Hyperthyroidism
heart rate, high BP, nervousness, weight loss

Myxoedema (in adults) - Thickening and

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puffiness of skin, slow heart rate, low BP, low

Thyroid Thyroxine body temperature, mental retardation
Hypothyroidism Cretinism (in infants) - Reduced BMR, short
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stature, mental retardation, dry skin, thick tongue,

neonatal jaundice
Goitre: Enlargement of thyroid gland
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Hyposecretion Parathyroid tetany - muscle twitch and spasm

Parathyroid Parathormone
Osteoporosis - softening and bending and fracture
Hypersecretion
of bones
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Addison’s disease - Low blood sugar, low Na+,

Hyposecretion high K+ in plasma, weight loss, weakness, nausea,
Mineralocorticoids vomiting
Adrenal
and
cortex Cushing’s disease - High blood sugar, glucose in
glucocorticoids
Hypersecretion urine, high Na+, high blood pressure, obesity,
muscle wasting

Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) - Increased blood

Hyposecretion glucose due to reduced insulin secretion due to
under activity of Beta cells
Pancreas Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) - Insulin resistance,
- failure of insulin to facilitate glucose movement into
cells

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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

Multiple Choice Questions

9.0 Introduction 4. In which of the following animals, there are two

1. Proper nervous system is lacking in _______. nerve nets, forming the nervous system? [2023]
[2022] (A) Planaria (B) Hydra
(A) Planarian (B) Cockroach (C) Cockroach (D) Sponge
(C) Sponges (D) Hydra 5. A diffused nervous system is observed in
_______. [2023]
2. Following are various types of movements seen
(A) sponge (B) cnidarian
in plants EXCEPT _______. [2022]
(C) flatworm (D) earthworm
(A) thigmotactic (B) chemotactic

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(C) phototropic (D) metastatic 6. A diffused type of nervous system is present in
_______ of man. [2023]

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9.1 Nervous System in Hydra (A) skin
1. Which one of the following does not show (B) gut wall
diffused type of nervous system? [2022] (C) cardiac muscles
(A) Gut wall of man (B) Ctenophora (D) walls of blood vessels

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(C) Hydra (D) Sponges 9.2 Nervous System in Planaria (flatworm)
2. Given below are two statements. 1. Arrange the following in the correct sequence in
Statement-I: There are two nerve nets in evolution of nervous system.
mesoglea of Hydra. (a) Formation of centralised nervous system.
Co
Statement-II: Never impulse shows no polarity (b) Diffused nervous system in Hydra.
in Hydra. (c) Formation of ganglion.
In light of above statements, select the correct
(d) Nervous system is lacking in sponges.
answer from the option given below. [2022]
[2022]
(A) Statement-I is incorrect and statement-II
(A) (d), (b), (c) and (a)
is correct.
(B) (a), (d), (b), and (a)
e

(B) Both statement-I and statement-II are

(C) (b), (a), (d) and (c)
incorrect.
(D) (c), (d), (a), and (b)
pl

(C) Both statement-I and statement-II are

correct. 2. Given below are two statements.
(D) Statement-I is correct and statement-II is Statement-I: Cephalic ganglion appears like U
incorrect. shaped structure in Hydra.
m

Statement-II: Ventral nerve cords are

3. Given below are two statements regarding connected to each other by commissure in a
nervous system in Hydra. Select the correct ladder like manner in Planarian.
option. In the light of above statements, choose the
Sa

Statement-I: Stimulation of sensory cells in the most appropriate answer form the options given
body wall of Hydra generates impulse that below: [2022]
flows in opposite direction to other parts of the (A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
body. incorrect.
Statement-II: Mesoglea in Hydra carries two (B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
nerve nets for purpose of co-ordination. [2023] correct.
(A) Both statement-I and statement-II are (C) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
correct. is correct.
(B) Both statement-I and statement-II are (D) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
incorrect. incorrect.
(C) Statement-I is correct but statement-II is 3. Which of the following animals shows central
incorrect. nervous system on ventral side? [2022]
(D) Statement-I is incorrect but statement-II is (A) Planaria (B) Sponges
correct. (C) Hydra (D) Ctenophore
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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

9.3 Neural Tissue (A) i - a, ii - d, iii - b, iv - c

(B) i - c, ii - b, iii - a, iv - d
1. The central canal of spinal cord is lined by
(C) i - b, ii - c, iii - a, iv - d
________ cells. [2003]
(D) i - d, ii - a, iii - c, iv - b
(A) ependymal (B) epiblema
(C) neuroglia (D) all of these 8. Match the type of glial cell shown in the figure
with its function. Select the correct option.
2. Nissl’s granules of neuron contain _______.
[2020]
(A) DNA (B) RNA
(C) Polysaccharides (D) Glycoprotein
3. Each nerve cell is surrounded by a sheath of Nucleus
connective tissue called _______. [2020] [2023]

t
(A) Endoneurium (B) Perineurium Glial cell Function

en
(C) Endometrium (D) Epineurium
(A) Microglia Phagocytosis
4. The connective tissue covering around the nerve (B) Astrocyte Production of
fasciculi is ___I___ while covering of bundle of
myelin sheath
nerves is __II___ respectively. [2021]
(C) Ependymal cell Production of CSF
(A) I  epineurium II  perineurium

nt
(D) Satellite cell Mechanical support
(B) I  endoneurium II  epineurium to the neuron
(C) I  perineurium II  epineurium
9. Select a correct pair of glial cells present in the
(D) I  endoneurium II  perineurium
Co
PNS of man. [2023]
5. The neuroglial cells derived from monocytes are (A) Astrocyte and Schwann cell
_______. [2021] (B) Ependymal cell and astrocyte
(A) Astrocytes (B) Microglia (C) Oligodendrocyte and satellite cell
(C) Ependymal cells (D) Schwann cells (D) Schwann cell and satellite cell
6. Which one of the following is NOT a part of 10. Which of the following cells form myelin sheath
e

multipolar neuron? [2022] around the nerve fibres in CNS? [2023]

(A) Dendron (B) Cyton (A) Oligodendrocytes (B) Mast cells
pl

(C) Axon (D) Synapse (C) Schwann cells (D) Oxyntic cells
7. Match column – I showing neuroglial cells with 11. Which cells of the CNS are derived from
their functions in column – II. monocytes and function as macrophages?
m

[2023]
Column – I Column – II
(A) Astrocytes (B) Ependymal cells
i. Astrocytes a. production of
(C) Microglia (D) Satellite cells
CSF
Sa

9.4 Synapse
ii. Oligodendrocytes b. maintenance of
blood brain 1. Neurotransmitter, at a synapse, is stored
barrier temporarily in _______. [2020]
iii. Ependymal cells c. formation of (A) Synaptic vesicles
white matter of (B) Synaptic cleft
CNS (C) Postsynaptic membrane
iv. Schwann cells d. production of (D) Presynaptic membrane
myelin sheath 2. In neural system, chemical synapse shows
around synaptic gap of about _______. [2021]
medullated (A) 400 nm to 60 nm
nerves of PNS (B) 80 nm to 100 nm
(C) 20 nm to 40 nm
[2023]
(D) 60 nm to 80 nm
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3. Electrical synapse shows following features 9. Voltage gated channels in the presynaptic knob
EXCEPT _______ [2022] of axon open on excitation and allows inflow of
(A) It is mechanical in nature. _______ ions from extracellular fluid. [2023]
++ ++ +
(B) Transmission across the gap is very fast. (A) Ca (B) Mg (C) K (D) Mn++
(C) Gap between adjacent neurons is 20-30 nm. 10. Match column – I with column – II regarding
(D) Usually found in defense reflexes. properties of nerve fibres.
4. The property of nerve fiber - 'Summation effect’ Column – I Column – II
is _______. [2022] i. Irritability a. Time interval during
(A) Total value of potential difference in which a nerve fails
resting nerve and depolarized nerve fiber to respond to second
stimulus
(B) Addition of subliminal and supraliminal
ii. Refractory period b. Ability to perceive
stimuli
stimulus

t
(C) When many weak stimuli are given in iii. Conductivity c. Many subliminal
quick succession they may produce an

en
stimuli are given in
impulse due to addition or summation of quick succession
stimuli
iv. Summation effect d. Ability to transmit
(D) Addition of rate of transmission in thick the excitation
and thin nerves [2023]

nt
5. Which of the following is NOT required for (A) i - b, ii - a, iii - d, iv - c
transmission of nerve impulse across a chemical (B) i - c, ii - b, iii - a, iv - d
synapse? [2022] (C) i - a, ii - d, iii - c, iv - b
(A) Neurotransmitter (B) Cholinesterase (D) i - d, ii - c, iii - b, iv - a
Co
(C) Neurohormone (D) Ca++ 9.5 Transmission of Nerve Impulse
6. Arrange the following events in proper sequence
during impulse transmission across chemical 1. The depolarization of nerve membrane takes
synapse. place through influx of _______ ions. [2014]
(a) Fusion of synaptic vesicles with cell membrane (A) Calcium (B) Potassium
of presynaptic neuron. (C) Sodium (D) Magnesium
e

(b) Ca++ channels open and Ca++ diffuses into 2. When stimulus is applied to a membrane of
synaptic knob from extracellular fluid. neuron, it causes rapid influx of ______. [2020]
(c) Neurotransmitter binds with receptors of post (A) K+ (B) Ca++ (C) Mg++ (D) Na+
pl

synaptic cell.
(d) Release of neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 3. The step in generation of nerve impulse, where
Na+ gates are closed and Na+K+ pump become
[2022]
operational is [2021]
m

(A) d → c → a → b (B) a → c → b → d
(A) Repolarized phase
(C) b → a → d → c (D) c → a → d → b (B) Depolarized phase
7. The synaptic fatigue that develops when nerve (C) Polarized phase
Sa

impulse temporarily halts, results from [2023] (D) Resting potential

(A) under-secretion of neurotransmitter. 4. Saltatory conduction is _______. [2021]
(B) exhaustion of neurotransmitter. (A) Seen at neuromuscular junction
(C) excitation of presynaptic membrane. (B) Seen only in the areas where myelin
(D) excitation of postsynaptic membrane. sheath in present
8. Select the INCORRECT statement about (C) Action potential travelling from one node
chemical synapse. [2023] to another node
(D) Continuous process of depolarization
(A) Chemical signals are sent to neurons,
glands and muscles 5. During the phase of depolarisation of nerve
(B) A synaptic gap is about 20-40 nm. impulse, _______. [2023]
(C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on (A) Na+ gates open and K+ gates close
presynaptic neuron. (B) K+ gates open and Na+ gates close
(D) Neuromuscular junction is a type of (C) Na+ and K+ gates are closed
chemical synapse (D) Na+ and K+ gates are open
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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

6. Select the correct statements with respect to (A) spinal cord (B) meninges
nerve membrane during depolarisation. (C) cerebrum (D) cerebellum
i. Rapid influx of Na+ in axoplasm.
5. As per serial order the nerve just before pathetic
ii. Membrane potential changes from –70mv
nerve is [2003]
to + 30mv.
(A) optic (B) oculomotor
iii. Leakage channels and gated channels are
closed. (C) auditory (D) trigeminal
iv. Predominance of K+ in intracellular fluid. 6. Corpora quadrigemina are found in [2003]
[2023] (A) mesencephalon. (B) telencephalon.
(A) i and ii only (B) ii and iii only (C) rhombencephalon. (D) prosencephalon.
(C) iii and iv only (D) i and iv only
7. Which one of the following is a motor nerve?
7. Saltatory conduction of nerve impulse is at the [2004]
rate of _______. [2023, 2021]

t
(A) Spinal accessory (B) Trigeminal
(A) 10 m/sec. (B) 20 m/sec.
(C) Facial (D) Vagus

en
(C) 50 m/sec. (D) 120 m/sec.
8. From the cranial nerves, find the odd man out.
8. Depolarization involves following events
[2004]
EXCEPT [2023]
(A) Optic (B) Olfactory
(A) generation of action potential
+ (C) Oculomotor (D) Auditory

nt
(B) opening of voltage dependent Na gates
(C) closure of voltage dependent K+ gates 9. Mixed nerves are [2005]
(D) opening of voltage dependent K+ gates (A) V, VII, IX, X (B) II, III, IV
(C) IX, X, XI, XII (D) I, II, VIII, IX
9. Which of the following statement/s is/are
Co
correct with respect to generation and 10. Occipital lobe contains centre for [2007]
conduction of nerve impulse? (A) Vision (B) Smell
i. The resting potential difference is –70mvs. (C) Taste (D) Hearing
ii. The voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels operate
together and are self-closing. 11. _______ is present in the ventricles of the brain.
iii. At the peak of action potential, the potential [2009]
e

difference rises to +30 to +60mvs. (A) Blood (B) CSF

iv. In medullated nerve fibre, the action potential is (C) Lymph (D) Saliva
conducted as wave of membrane depolarization.
pl

12. Which group of cranial nerves control eye ball

v. The resting potential is maintained by especially
movements? [2015]
closure of gated channels of Na+ and K+. [2023]
(A) Optic, Abducens, Pathetic
(A) i only (B) iii and iv only
(C) ii, iv and v only (D) i, iii and v only (B) Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear
m

(C) Oculomotor, Abducens, Auditor

9.6 Human Nervous System (D) Oculomotor, Abducens, Trochlear
1. Sympathetic nerves in mammals arise from 13. How many pairs of sympathetic ganglia are
Sa

[1999] present in ANS? [2015]

(A) sacral region (A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 22 (D) 31
(B) cervical region
14. The parietal and temporal lobes are separated by
(C) thoraco-lumbar region
(D) 3rd, 7th, 8th and 9th cranial nerves [2016]
(A) Central sulcus
2. 7th cranial nerve is [2001] (B) Longitudinal fissure
(A) Optic. (B) Olfactory. (C) Lateral sulcus
(C) Facial. (D) Auditory. (D) Parieto-occipital sulcus
3. Vomiting & respiratory centre is in the [2002] 15. The corpus callosum interconnects [2016]
(A) medulla. (B) cerebrum. (A) Cerebral hemispheres
(C) cerebellum. (D) dienecephalon. (B) Cerebellar hemispheres
4. Which structure has grey matter in center and (C) Corpora quadrigemina
white matter in periphery? [2002] (D) Crura cerebri
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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

16. If cranial nerves: 12 pairs, then spinal nerves: 25. Match the number and name of following
[2017] cranial nerves and select the correct option.
(A) 30 pairs (B) 31 pairs [2020]
(C) 32 pairs (D) 33 pairs Number Name
i. VIII a. Pathetic
17. Branching tree like processes of white matter
extending into grey cortex of cerebellum is ii. XI b. Auditory
called _______. [2018] iii. IV c. Vagus
(A) Arbor vitae (B) Gyri iv. X d. Spinal accessory
(C) Crura cerebri (D) Thalami
(A) i – b, ii – d, iii – a, iv  c
18. Inferior colliculi of human brain respond to the (B) i – c, ii – d, iii – b, iv  a
stimuli. [2019] (C) i – d, ii – c, iii – a, iv – b
(A) Postural (B) Osmotic (D) i – d, ii – c, iii – b, iv – a

t
(C) Visual (D) Auditory 26. Spinal cord is enclosed in _______ of vertebral

en
19. The cranial nerves which innervate eye muscles column. [2020]
are _______. [2019] (A) Neural canal
(A) Oculomotor, Trigeminal, Abducens (B) Volkmann's canal
(B) Pathetic, Oculomotor, Trigeminal (C) Inguinal canal
(D) Central canal

nt
(C) Pathetic, Facial, Abducens
(D) Oculomotor, Pathetic, Abducens 27. Damage to VI cranial nerve in human, may
affect the movements of _______. [2020]
20. The reflex arc which is made up of one sensory
(A) Neck (B) Eye
and one motor neuron is _______. [2019]
(C) Jaw (D) Tongue
Co
(A) Polysynaptic (B) Monosynaptic
(C) Asynaptic (D) Bisynaptic 28. Which of the following is affected by injury to
Broca’s area of cerebrum? [2020]
21. Coughing and sneezing are controlled by (A) Vision (B) Smell
_______. [2019] (C) Speech (D) Hearing
(A) Cerebrum
(B) Cerebellum 29. An individual is suffering from dry mouth, has
e

difficulty in swallowing and has lost sense of

(C) Medulla oblongata
taste. Which cranial nerve is probably damaged
(D) Pons varolii in him? [2020]
pl

22. Which of the following is an example of (A) Pathetic

unconditional reflex? [2020] (B) Glossopharyngeal
(A) Talking with someone while tying shoe (C) Olfactory
m

laces (D) Abducens

(B) Reciting nursery rhymes 30. Cerebrospinal fluid performs following
(C) Driving a vehicle functions EXCEPT [2020]
(D) Withdrawing of hand when pricked (A) Absorption of mechanical jerks and shocks
Sa

23. Foramen of Monro provides a passage for (B) Nourishment to the brain
connecting _______. [2020] (C) Regulation of temperature
(A) Third ventricle with fourth ventricle (D) Synthesis of antibodies
(B) Lateral ventricle with third ventricle 31. Lateral rectus muscle is supplied by _______
(C) Brain with spinal cord nerve. [2020]
(D) Middle ear with pharynx (A) Optic (B) Pathetic
(C) Trigeminal (D) Abducens
24. A person has lost his sense of orientation,
balance of body, and has unsteady gait. Which 32. Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves
part of his brain probably is damaged? [2020] are branches of ______ cranial nerve. [2020]
(A) Pineal gland (A) Facial
(B) Cerebellum (B) Vestibulocochlear
(C) Olfactory lobes (C) Trigeminal
(D) Medulla oblongata (D) Glossopharyngeal
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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

33. Loss of sense of smell in a person may indicate 41. Largest basal nucleus at the floor of cerebrum is
damage to _______ part of his brain. [2020] [2021]
(A) Thalamencephalon (A) Corpus albicans (B) Corpus striatum
(B) Rhombencephalon (C) Corpus callosum (D) Corpus luteum
(C) Mesencephalon
(D) Rhinencephalon 42. Given below is the diagram of T.S. of spinal
cord. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ [2021]
34. Impairment of Glossopharyngeal nerve will
most probably NOT affect _______. [2020]
(A) Saliva secretion X
(B) Swallowing
(C) Rotation of eyeball Y
(D) Sense of taste

t
35. Injury to medulla oblongata causes sudden death

en
mainly as _______. [2020]
(A) Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (A) X  Ventral horn, Y  neural canal
completely stops (B) X  Dorsal horn, Y  central canal
(B) Both anterior and posterior choroid (C) X  lateral horn, Y  white fibres
plexuses are damaged (D) X  Ventral horn, Y  grey matter
(C) Reflex activities like swallowing,

nt
vomiting etc. stop 43. Length of spinal cord is _______cm in human
(D) Vital activities such as heart beat and being. [2021]
respirations stop (A) 42 to 45 (B) 30 to 35
(C) 12 to 15 (D) 22 to 25
Co
36. In somatic reflexes, the effectors are located in
_______. [2020] 44. Given below are two statements with respect to
(A) Glands (B) Skeletal muscles autonomic nervous system. [2021]
(C) Smooth muscles (D) Skin Statement-I: Sympathetic nervous system has
stimulating effect on heartbeat and inhibitory
37. Which statement is correct regarding spinal
effect is seen in digestion.
nerves in man? [2020]
Statement-II: Sympathetic nervous system
e

(A) They come out of vertebral column decreases arterial blood pressure on excitation,
through foramen magnum. whereas parasympathetic nervous system
(B) Each spinal nerve is formed within neural
pl

relaxes urinary bladder.

canal of vertebral column.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
(C) There are 21 pairs of spinal nerves.
options given below.
(D) They are sensory, motor and mixed types.
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
m

38. In a person, temporal lobe of brain is injured. correct

He may experience impairment in sense of (B) Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is
_______. [2020] incorrect
(A) Hearing and vision (C) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Sa

(B) Hearing, smell, speech incorrect

(C) Hearing, smell and taste (D) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
(D) Only hearing is correct
39. The ________ spinal nerves originate from the 45. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the following
abdominal region of vertebral column. [2020] EXCEPT_______. [2021]
(A) Cervical (B) Thoracic (A) Ependymal cells
(C) Lumbar (D) Sacral (B) Choroid plexus
(C) Pia mater
40. Control and co-ordination of head movements in
(D) Neurosecretory cells
response to visual and auditory stimuli is carried
out by _______. [2020] 46. Facial nerve bears _______. [2021]
(A) corpora striata (A) posterior root ganglion
(B) corpora cavernosa (B) geniculate ganglion
(C) crura cerebri (C) basal ganglion
(D) corpora quadrigemina (D) sympathetic ganglion
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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

47. III ventricle of human brain is connected (A) Constricts bronchi.
posteriorly to IV ventricle through _______. (B) Inhibits secretion of tears.
[2021] (C) Stimulates flow of saliva.
(A) foramen of Magendie (D) Relaxes urinary bladder.
(B) duct of Bellini
55. Cranio-sacral outflow consists of branches from
(C) foramen of Monro _______ cranial nerves. [2022]
(D) duct of Sylvius
(A) IX, X, XI and XII
48. Following are the functions of cerebrospinal (B) III, VII, IX and X
fluid EXCEPT _______. [2021] (C) II, III, IV and V
(A) Acts as shock absorber (D) VI, X, XI and XII
(B) Maintenance of constant pressure
56. Which one of the following is found in
(C) Helps in binding the neurotransmitter to cerebellum? [2022]

t
receptor
(A) Crura cerebri
(D) Exchange of nutrients and waste

en
(B) Red nucleus
49. Which one of the following cranial nerves does (C) Arbor vitae
NOT innervate eye muscles? [2021] (D) Corpora quadrigemina
(A) Pathetic (B) Abducens
57. Number of pairs of spinal nerves originating
(C) Hypoglossal (D) Oculomotor
from neck region are [2022]

nt
50. Given below are two statements with respect to (A) 01 (B) 05 (C) 08 (D) 12
limbic system.
Statement-I: Limbic system is responsible for 58. Following are the effects of sympathetic
emotional reactions and memory. nervous system EXCEPT [2022]
Co
Statement-II: It is formed mainly of cerebrum, (A) Dilates pupil.
pons varolii and cerebellum. (B) Gastrointestinal movements are inhibited.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the (C) It shows fight and flight response.
options given below. [2021] (D) It stimulates peristalsis and secretion of
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are bile.
correct 59. Bunch of nerves along with filum terminale of
(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
e

spinal cord is called _______. [2022]

incorrect (A) Cauda equina
(C) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is (B) Corona radiata
pl

incorrect
(C) Conus medullaris
(D) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
(D) Cauda epididymis
is correct
60. Select the INCORRECT statement from the
m

51. Epithalamus is fused with pia mater in

following [2022]
diencephalon and forms _______. [2022]
(A) Cerebral cortex is made up to grey matter.
(A) Posterior choroid plexus
(B) In brain, grey matter shows presence of
(B) Pineal body
cell bodies, dendrites and synapses.
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(C) Mammillary body

(C) Corpus striatum is present in cerebellum.
(D) Anterior choroid plexus
(D) White matter appears white due to myelin
52. Foramen of Monro communicates with [2022] sheath.
(A) Lateral ventricle and diocoel. 61. Protective membrane, Pia mater is _______ of
(B) Metacoel and central canal. CNS. [2022]
(C) Two lateral ventricles. (A) Middle, thin and web like layer
(D) Diocoel and metacoel. (B) Innermost, delicate and vascular membrane
53. Thin, non-nervous roof of diencephalon is (C) Outermost, vascular, web like membrane
______. [2022] (D) Outermost, non-vascular, thick membrane
(A) Epithalamus (B) Epineurium 62. Volume of CSF present in and around CNS is
(C) Epiblema (D) Epithelium [2022]
54. Following are the effects of parasympathetic (A) 6080 ml (B) 4060 ml
nervous system EXCEPT [2022] (C) 100120 ml (D) 80100 ml
287
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nt
Page no. 288 to 300 are purposely left blank.
Co
To see complete chapter buy Target Notes
e
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m
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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

3. Select the INCORRECT statement. [2020] (A) ACTH Pituitary gland of foetus
(A) Cells use glucose as source of energy. (B) Oxytocin Pituitary gland of mother
(B) Insulin binds to receptors on the cell (C) Corticosteroids Pituitary gland of foetus
membrane.
(D) Prolactin Pituitary gland of mother
(C) Inadequate quantity of insulin leads to
diabetes insipidus. 8. Match column – I with column – II and select
(D) Deficiency of insulin leads to the correct option.
hyperglycaemia. Column – I Column – II
4. Flight and fight response is due to _______ and i. Hypothalamus a. Muscle tone
_______respectively. [2021] ii. Pineal gland b. Relay centre for
(A) Cranial nerves, Adrenocorticotropin auditory reflexes
(B) Sympathetic nervous system, Adrenaline iii. Inferior colliculi c. Homeostasis

t
(C) Parasympathetic nervous system, iv. Red nucleus d. Sleep inducer
Aldosterone
[2023]

en
(D) Somatic nervous system, Antidiuretic
(A) i - b, ii - d, iii - a, iv - c
hormone
(B) i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a
5. The process of glycolysis is also controlled by (C) i - b, ii - c, iii - a, iv - d
following hormones EXCEPT. [2022] (D) i - d, ii - b, iii - a, iv – c
(A) Epinephrine (B) Insulin

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9. Select the correct statement regarding neuron.
(C) Oxytocin (D) Glucagon
[2023]
6. Read the following statements about (A) Grey masses present inside the white
hypothalamus and choose the correct option. matter of brain are called basal nuclei.
Co
Statement-I: All hormones secreted by (B) Dendron is a single large unbranched
hypothalamus are glycoproteins. process arising from the cyton.
Statement-II: The hypothalamus forms the (C) Small group of cytons are covered by
floor of the diencephalon and controls the neurilemma.
secretory activity of pituitary gland. [2023] (D) Axon hillock lacks neurofibrils.
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct. 10. Select the correct statement with reference to
e

the hypothalamus and its secretion. [2023]

(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
incorrect. (A) Adrenaline and melatonin are neuro-
hormones secreted by various nuclei in
pl

(C) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is

incorrect. the hypothalamus.
(D) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II (B) Hypothalamus forms floor of
is correct. diencephalon and connects with pars
m

nervosa through infundibulum.

7. Mechanism of parturition involves hormones (C) Infundibulum consists of dendrons which
secreted by fully developed foetus as well as terminate in hypothalamus.
mother. With respect to this statement, select the (D) Hypothalamic nuclei secrete oxytocin and
Sa

INCORRECT pair of hormone and its source melatonin.

organ. [2023]

Answers and Solutions to MCQs

9.0 Introduction Chemotactic Responding to chemical

gradients or cues
1. (C)
Phototropic Growth in response to
2. (D)
light
Type of Plant
Explanation
Movement 9.1 Nervous System in Hydra
Thigmotactic In response to touch or
physical contact 1. (D) 2. (C)
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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

3. (D) 3. (C)
In Hydra, sensory cells are scattered throughout Gap between adjacent neurons is 3.8 nm.
the body and tentacles, but there are no distinct
sense organs or sensory/motor nerves. 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (C)
Consequently, nerve impulses lack polarity and 7. (B)
directionality. Activation of sensory cells can
occur anywhere, and impulses can propagate in 8. (C)
any direction within the body, facilitating In a chemical synapse, neurotransmitter receptors
movements such as prey capture during feeding. are located on the postsynaptic neuron or the target
4. (B) cell. This is where the neurotransmitters bind and
Hydra possesses a diffuse nervous system with initiate a response in the target cell.
two nerve nets which are located in the 9. (A)
mesoglea, with one connected to the epidermis 10. (A)

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and the other to the gastrodermis.
Thinking Hatke - Q.10
Smart Tip - Q.4

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Planaria Have a centralized nervous system with a It can be easily identified that the conductivity is the
brain and longitudinal nerve cords ability to transmit excitation, thus (iii-d) is a correct
Hydra Possess two nerve nets, one under the match. Since this appears only in option (A), the
ectoderm and another in the gastrodermis, possibility of other option being correct can be
forming their simple nervous system eliminated and option (A) is the correct answer.

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Cockroach Have a centralized nervous system
consisting of a series of fused, 9.5 Transmission of Nerve Impulse
segmentally arranged ganglia
Sponge Lack a true nervous system 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A)
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5. (B) 4. (B) 5. (A)
The diffuse nervous system is a type of nervous 6. (A)
system where nerve cells are equally distributed Caution - Q.6
throughout the body, usually beneath the outer
epidermal layer. When a neuron is not conducting any impulse, rapid
influx of K+ ions takes place whereas when a neuron
6. (B)
is conducting an impulse, rapid influx of Na+ ions
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The gut wall in humans has a diffused type of takes place.

nervous system known as the enteric nervous
pl

system (ENS). It is embedded in the lining of 7. (D)

the gastrointestinal tract and can operate
8. (D)
independently of the brain and spinal cord.
During depolarization the Na+ gates open but
9.2 Nervous System in Planaria (flatworm)
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not the K+ gates. This causes Na+ to rush into

1. (A) the axon and bring about a depolarization.
2. (C) 9. (D)
I: Cephalic ganglion appears U shaped in Planarian. ii. The voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels
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operate separately and are self-closing.

3. (A)
iv. In medullated nerve fibre, the action potential
9.3 Neural Tissue cannot travel as a wave of membrane
depolarization it has to jump from node to node.
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)
4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (D) 9.6 Human Nervous System
7. (C) 8. (C)
1. (C)
9. (D)
2. (C)
Astrocytes, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes
are neuroglial cells present in CNS. No. Name of cranial nerve
10. (A) 11. (C) II. Optic nerve
I. Olfactory nerve
9.4 Synapse VIII. Auditory nerve
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A)

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Chapter 9: Control and Co-ordination

5. (B) 30. (D) 31. (D) 32. (C)

No. Name of cranial nerve 33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (D)
II. Optic nerve 36. (B)
III. Oculomotor nerve 37. (B)
IV. Pathetic nerve (A) They come out from both sides of spinal cord
through the invertebral foramen.
V. Trigeminal nerve
(C) There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
VIII. Auditory nerve
(D) All spinal nerves are of the mixed type.
6. (A) 38. (B)
7. (A) 39. (C)
Trigeminal (Dentist’s nerve) Mixed
Smart Tip - Q.39
Facial (bearing geniculate ganglion) Mixed
Region of origin from

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Vagus (Pneumogastric) Mixed Spinal nerve
vertebral column

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8. (C) Cervical Neck
Oculomotor - It is the only cranial nerve Thoracic Thorax
responsible for motor control of the eye Lumbar Abdomen
muscles, while the others are sensory nerves Sacral Pelvis
involved in vision (optic), smell (olfactory), and
40. (D) 41. (B) 42. (B)

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hearing (auditory).
43. (A)
9. (A)
44. (B)
No. Name of cranial nerve
II: Sympathetic nervous system constricts blood
V. Trigeminal vessels and increases blood pressure, whereas
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VII. Facial parasympathetic nervous system contracts
IX. Glossopharyngeal urinary bladder wall.
X. Vagus 45. (D) 46. (B) 47. (D)
48. (C) 49. (C)
10. (A) 11. (B)
50. (C)
12. (D) The limbic system is primarily formed by
e

Pathetic nerve the fourth cranial nerve also structures within the cerebrum, such as the
known as trochlear nerve. amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the
pl

13. (C) hypothalamus and thalamus.

14. (C) 51. (D) 52. (C) 53. (A)
The lateral or sylvian sulcus demarcates the 54. (D)
temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. Parasympathetic nervous system promotes
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bladder contraction and stimulates urination.

15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (A)
55. (B) 56. (C) 57. (C)
18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (B)
58. (D)
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21. (C)
Sympathetic nervous system inhibits peristalsis
22. (D) and secretion of bile.
Unconditioned reflex is automatic and does not 59. (A)
require prior learning or conditioning. 60. (C)
23. (B) 24. (B) 25. (A) Corpus striatum at the floor of cerebrum is the
26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (C) largest basal nucleus.
29. (B) 61. (B) 62. (C) 63. (B)
The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) 64. (C) 65. (B)
is responsible for controlling various functions 66. (B)
in the throat and mouth, including swallowing II: Different parts of the brain are interconnected
and taste sensation from the back of the tongue. by the RAS (Reticular Activating System)
Damage to this nerve can result in dry mouth, through the thalami. It is called relay centre as it
difficulty swallowing, and loss of taste transmits all sensory impulses except those of
sensation. olfactory (smell) to the cerebrum.
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see complete chapter buy Target Notes
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pl
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MHT-CET: Biology (PSP)

85. (D) 3. (C)
i. Grave’s disease is caused due to excessive Inadequate quantity of insulin actually leads to
thyroid hormone. diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a
ii. Cushing’s disease is caused due to condition characterized by elevated blood sugar
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids. levels due to insufficient insulin production or
iii. Acromegaly is caused due to excess growth ineffective use of insulin, whereas diabetes
hormone. insipidus is a disorder related to the antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) and involves excessive thirst
86. (B)
and excretion of large volumes of diluted urine
Estradiol - Gonadocorticoid due to problems with ADH secretion or action.
87. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C)
88. (C) 6. (D)
PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP). It

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All hormones of hypothalamus are peptide
inhibits the release of pancreatic juice. hormones.

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89. (C) 7. (C)
i. Neurohypophysis is connected directly to the Corticosteroids are secreted by the adrenal
hypothalamus by axon fibres. glands of the foetus.
ii. Pars intermedia, pars distalis and pars tuberalis 8. (B)
are parts of Adenohypophysis.

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iii. Pars nervosa is a part of Neurohypophysis. 9. (A)
B. Dendrons are many small conical processes
90. (A) 91. (B) arising from the cyton. These are highly
92. (C) branched into fine dendrites.
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Polydipsia: Excessive thirst, it is a characteristic C. A bundle of axons called nerve may be covered
of diabetes mellitus. by neurilemma.
D. Axon hillock consists of a bundle of
93. (B) neurofibrils.
Prolactin activates growth of breasts during 10. (B)
pregnancy and stimulates the milk production
and secretion of milk by mammary gland after A. Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medulla.
Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland.
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child birth.
C. The infundibulum consists of axons. It connects
94. (C) the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
pl

i. ADH  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting gland.

ducts D. Hypothalamic nuclei secrete oxytocin, but
ii. Oxytocin- Uterus and mammary glands melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland.
iii. Secretin- Pancreas and liver Caution - Q.10
m

95. (C) Infundibulum as a part of human brain: - It is a

stalk-like part of hypothalamus; it connects pituitary
Thinking Hatke - Q.95
gland to the hypothalamus.
It can be easily identified that the corpus luteum
Infundibulum as a part of female reproductive
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secretes hormone inhibin, thus (iii-b) is a correct

system: It is a funnel shaped portion of fallopian
match. Since this appears only in option (C), the
tube.
possibility of other option being correct can be
eliminated and option (C) is the correct answer.

96. (D)
Wasting of limb muscles is a characteristic
feature of Cushing’s disease.
97. (C)

Concept Fusion
1. (D)
2. (B)
X is adrenal medulla.
308