SMART PLANT WATERING SYSTEM FOR OPTIMAL PLANT

GROWTH

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
 To design and implement a smart plant watering system that utilizes sensor data to
regulate the watering process, aiming for efficient resource utilization and optimal plant
growth.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Component Pin names Range Specifications

1 Arduino UNO Digital I/O Pins, (0-5)V ATmega328 microcontroller,14

Analog Input Pins digital input/output pins, 6 analog
inputs, 16MHz crystal oscillator,
USB connection.

2 Soil Moisture Sensor Vcc,GND, (3.3V-5V) LM393 comparator chip with

Analog Output digital and analog output
Interface in Dual output mode.
3 Submersible Water Power, (4V-12V) 1x4V to 12V DC Mini Water
Pump Ground Pump
4 Tubing - - 1M Vinyl Tubing
5 Single Channel 5V Vcc,GND,IN1,COM, (0-5)V 10A and PCB mounted with High
Relay Module NO insulation Low Level Trigger

6 Jumper Wires - - Male to Male ,Male to Female

Jumper wires
7 Power Supply - (0-5)V Typically 5V from USB Port of
PC
8 Wi-Fi - (3 - 3.6)V It Supports 2.4GHz for wider
ESP8266 range.

9 Blynk - - Customizable mobile app.

Software

THEORY:
A smart irrigation system is designed to efficiently water plants based on their actual
need, ensuring optimal soil moisture levels while minimizing water wastage.

1. Arduino UNO:

• Role: The Arduino UNO serves as the brain of the smart irrigation
system. It is a microcontroller that can be programmed to read data from
 the soil moisture sensor, control the relay module to turn the pump on
and off, and manage
the overall operation of the system.

2. Soil Moisture Sensor: • Role: The soil moisture sensor is a crucial

component in a smart irrigation system. It measures the moisture content in the
soil and provides feedback to the Arduino.
This information helps the system determine whether the soil needs
watering.

3. Submersible Water Pump:

• Role: The submersible water pump is responsible for delivering water to

the plants when the soil moisture level is below the desired threshold.
The pump is controlled by the Arduino through the relay module.

4. Tubing: • Role: Tubing is used to connect the water pump to the irrigation
system. It facilitates the transport of water from the water source to the plants.
The tubing should be chosen based on the specific needs of the irrigation setup.

5. Single Channel 5V Relay Module: • Role: The relay module acts as a

switch controlled by the Arduino. It allows the low-voltage Arduino to control a
higher-voltage device, such as the submersible water pump. When the soil
moisture sensor indicates that the soil is dry, the Arduino activates the relay,
turning on the pump. When the soil is adequately moist, the relay is deactivated,
turning off the pump.

6. Jumper Wires: • Role: Jumper wires are used to create electrical

connections between various components of the system. They connect the
Arduino to the soil moisture sensor, relay module, and other parts, ensuring
proper communication and power distribution.

7. Power Supply: • Role: The power supply provides the necessary electrical
power to run the Arduino, soil moisture sensor, and relay module. It's important
to ensure that the power supply can meet the voltage and current requirements of
the components in the system.

WORKING:

• Connect the Soil Moisture Sensor to the analog pin A0 of the Arduino.
• Connect the Water Pump to the Single channel relay module.
• Connect the relay module to the digital pin 2 of the Arduino.

• Power the Arduino using an external power supply.

• Write an Arduino program to read the soil moisture level from the sensor.
• Set a threshold value for soil moisture, below which the water pump should be
activated.
• Implement the logic to control the relay module based on the soil moisture level.
• Insert the soil moisture sensor into the soil of the plant.
• Upload the Arduino program to the board.
• Observe the behavior of the water pump in response to the soil moisture level.
1. Project Objectives and Scope:

The objective of the Smart Plant Watering System is to automate the irrigation process based on soil
moisture levels, ensuring plants receive the optimal amount of water to grow efficiently. This reduces
water waste and prevents over- or under-watering. The scope of the project includes developing a
sensor-based system capable of monitoring soil moisture, sending real-time data to a control unit, and
automatically activating a water pump when necessary. The project will be applicable for home
gardens, greenhouses, or small agricultural setups.

2. Conduct Feasibility Study:

The feasibility study involves determining if the project is technically, economically, and
operationally viable. This includes assessing whether soil moisture sensors, microcontrollers, and
water pumps can be easily sourced and integrated. It also examines the power requirements (solar,
battery, or mains), cost considerations (to remain affordable for users), and the scalability of the
system. Another critical factor is the environmental condition (indoor or outdoor) and whether the
system will be durable under various weather conditions.

3. Hardware and Software Components:

For the hardware:

Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures the moisture level of the soil.

Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino or Raspberry Pi): Processes data from the sensor and controls the
water pump.

Water Pump: Supplies water to the plants based on the moisture readings.

Relays: Act as switches to control the water pump.

Power Source: Batteries or solar panels to provide energy to the system.

For the software:

Embedded programming in C/C++ for microcontrollers like Arduino.

IoT integration (optional) using platforms like Blynk or ThingSpeak to monitor soil data remotely via
smartphone apps.

Control algorithms: To automate the watering process based on predefined moisture thresholds.
4. Design System Architecture:

The system architecture includes several layers:

Sensing Layer: Soil moisture sensors placed around the plants.

Processing Layer: The microcontroller that receives sensor data, processes it, and decides whether the
water pump should be activated.

Actuation Layer: The water pump is turned on or off via relays based on the control signals from the
microcontroller.

User Interface (optional): Mobile app or web interface for monitoring plant moisture levels and
controlling the watering schedule manually if needed.

Power Management: Ensuring the system can run sustainably, either through battery management or
solar charging.

5. Develop and Test Prototypes:

Prototyping involves building a working model of the system to test its effectiveness and make
improvements. Key activities include:

Sensor calibration: Testing soil moisture sensors under various conditions (wet, dry, different soil
types) to ensure accurate readings.

Control logic testing: Fine-tuning the code that decides when the water pump should be activated,
based on soil moisture thresholds.

Hardware testing: Ensuring all hardware components, including relays, pumps, and microcontrollers,
work together seamlessly.

Prototype iteration: Based on testing feedback, adjust the sensor positions, code, and pump timing for
optimal performance.

6. Deploy and Integrate:

Once the prototype is tested and refined, the final system can be deployed in the actual environment.
This includes:

Installing sensors in the desired locations around the plants.

Setting up the water pump and connecting it to the plant watering system.
Power management setup: Installing solar panels or other power sources as needed.

System integration: If the system includes remote monitoring, connect it to the cloud platform and
configure the user interface.

Monitoring and maintenance: Regular checks to ensure the system is functioning properly and
making adjustments as necessar